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PPGC
WEEK 3: POLITICAL POWER
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| social scientists define POWER as the | use of force |
| According to Morgenthau “Power is ____________" | power of man on others” and “man’s control over the minds and actions of other men.” |
| POWER by Schwarzenberger | Viewed power as “the capacity of one to impose his will on others by reliance on effective sanctions in case of non-compliance.” |
| POWER by Charles P. Schleicher | Defines power as “the ability to exercise such control as to make others do what they otherwise would not do by rewarding or promising to reward them, or by depriving or threatening to deprive them of something they value.” |
| POWER by Social Science and Politics | Power is the ability to influence or outright control the behavior of people. Power may also be seen as evil or unjust, but the exercise of power is accepted as reserved only to humans as social beings. |
| National Power (according to Paddleford and Lincoln) | combination of power and capability of a state which the state uses for fulfilling its national interests and goals |
| Hartman | national power denotes the ability of a nation to fulfil national goals |
| National Power | simply the ability or capability of a nation to secure the goals and objectives of its national interests in relation with other nations. |
| NATURE OF NATIONAL POWER | NATIONAL POWER Power and Force Power and Influence |
| NATIONAL | power of the group of decision makers and authorities who exercise power on behalf of the nation means pertaining to the nation making national power the power of a nation. |
| POWER | For understanding the nature of power in the context of National Power, it is necessary to distinguish between Power and Force, and Power and Influence. |
| Power and Force | used to secure certain objectives, power stands replaced by force. |
| Power and Influence | ability to produce an intended change or effect in the behavior of others |
| Force | means physical force, violence in the form of police action, imprisonment, punishment or war. |
| Power | means a psychological relationship of control which is backed by the use of force, or threat of use of force. |
| Influence | involves the attempt to change the behavior of others through persuasion and not by threats or force. The scope of influence is wider than the scope of power and it is more democratic than power. |
| DIMENSIONS OF NATIONAL POWER | Military Power, Economic Power, Psychological Power |
| Military Power | -important dimension of national power -absolutely essential for achieving the objective of security of the nation -most vital element -primary concern -The role and importance of a state in international relations depends upon its military power |
| Economic Power | -second important dimension of national power -satisfy its own needs -control the behavior of other states - - |
| Psychological Power | means the power of opinion and image of the nation |
| METHODS OF EXERCISING NATIONAL POWER | Persuasion, Rewards, Punishment, Force or Physical Violence |
| Persuasion | defining and logically explaining a particular problem or issue or dispute to other nations or any other nation. |
| Rewards | material or economic or psychological. method of winning support and inducing a change in the behavior of other states. |
| Punishment | secures the desired objective of a state without the actual infliction of punishment on other states. Threat of punishment is a better method |
| Force or Physical Violence | force is related to punishment. - a powerful nation can compel a desired behavior of another nation. |
| Authority is ______________ | the right or the capacity or both to have proposals or prescriptions or instructions accepted without recourse to persuasion, bargaining or force”. |
| Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics defines authority as | “the power or right to give orders and enforce obedience, the power to influence others based on recognized knowledge or expertise.” |
| TYPES OF POLITICAL AUTHORITY | TRADITIONAL AUTHORITY, CHARISMATIC AUTHORITY, LEGAL-RATIONAL AUTHORITY |
| TRADITIONAL AUTHORITY | -rooted in traditional, or long-standing, beliefs and practices of a society. -society’s customs and traditions. |
| TRADITIONAL AUTHORITY | -passed down, often through heredity -feudalism or patrimonialism |
| CHARISMATIC AUTHORITY | stems from an individual’s extraordinary personal qualities and from that individual’s hold over followers because of these qualities. -found in a leader whose mission and vision inspire others |
| CHARISMATIC AUTHORITY | -passed down, often through heredity -feudalism or patrimonialism |
| LEGAL-RATIONAL AUTHORITY | derives from law and is based on a belief -hallmark of modern democracies |
| LEGAL-RATIONAL AUTHORITY | frequently found in the modern state, city governments, private and public corporations, and various voluntary associations. |
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