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Chemistry Unit I

QuestionAnswer
chemistry the science that investigates and explains the structure and properties of matter
matter anything that has mass and takes up space (volume)
pure substance matter with the same fixed composition and formula
element the simplest form of matter, made up of atoms
compound a chemical combination of two or more elements joint in fixed composition; made up of molecules
formula a combination of element symbols that show the chemical makeup of a compound and show the number of atoms/ions in each element
mixture a combination of two or more pure substances in which the basic identity of each substance is not changed
solution another word for homogenous mixture
solvent the substance present in a greater amount that dissolves the solute
solute the substance present in a lesser amount that is dissolved by the solvent
soluble able to be dissolved in a substance
insoluble unable to be dissolved in a substance
solubility the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature
mole unit used to measure a specific amount of particles 6.02 x 10(23)
alloy a solid solution containing different substances, and sometimes nonmetal substances; bronze, brass, tin
physical property a characteristic that can be observed without any changes in the substance's identity
chemical property a characteristic that can only be observed with changes to the substance's chemical identity
volatility how easy a substance changes to a gas at room temperature
endothermic reaction a reaction in which energy is absorbed
exothermic reaction a reaction in which energy is expelled
binary compound compound containing two elements; NaCl
ternary compound compound containing three or more elements; KNO3
molecular formula formula that shows the exact number of atoms of each element in the smallest unit of a substance
empirical formula shows the simplest whole-number ratio of the atoms in a substance
ionic compound a compound composed of ions
ion an atom or group of atoms that has a net positive or negative charge
cation ion with a positive charge
monatomic ion ion with only one atom
polyatomic ion ion with two or more atoms that are covalently bonded
molecular compound combination of two nonmetals OR a nonmetal and metalloid
molecule an aggregate of two or more atoms in a definite arrangement, held together by chemical bonds
diatomic elements elements that only occur in pairs (Br, I, N, Cl, H, O, F)
organic compound compound containing carbon
hydrocarbons organic compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen only
acids compounds that form hydrogen in water, and whos formula typically begins with H
hydrates compounds that have a specific number of water molecules attached to them
electrolyte a substance that conducts an electric current when melted or dissolved in water
interparticle force the force of attraction between particles
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