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Enthalpy change

A2-Level

TermDefinition
Principle of conservation of energy Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but may only be converted from one form to another
Hess's law The energy change of any chemical reaction is the same regardless of the route taken
Standard state Physical state a substance is when under standard conditions
Standard enthalpy change of reaction ∆H Enthalpy change in a reaction between molar quantities of reactants in their standard state and under standard conditions
Standard enthalpy change of atomisation ∆Hatt Enthalpy change when one mole of an element in gas phase is formed from element in standard state H20 (l) = 2H(g) + O (g)
Standard enthalpy change of lattice formation ∆Hlatt Enthalpy change when one mole of an ionic compound is formed from ions of elements in gas phase Cl-(g) + Na+(g) =NaCl (s)
Standard enthalpy change of hydration ∆Hhyd Enthalpy change when one mole of ionic compound in solution is formed from ions of elements in as phase Cl-(g) + Na+(g) =NaCl (aq)
Standard enthalpy change of lattice breaking ∆Hlatt Enthalpy change when one mole of an ionic compound is broken into ions of the elements in the gas phase Reverse of formation: Opposite sign
Electron affinity Enthalpy change when one mole of gaseous negative ions are formed from gaseous atoms by gaining an electron
Ionisation energy Enthalpy change when one mole of gaseous positive ions are formed from gaseous atoms by losing an electron
Standard enthalpy change of a solution ∆Hsol Enthalpy change when one mole of a substance dissolves completely in a solvent to form a solution Sum of lattice breaking and hydration
Group 1 salt solubility Soluble
Group 1 hydroxides Soluble
Nitrates Soluble
Calcium hydroxide Soluble
Ammonium hydroxide Soluble
Most halides Soluble
Most oxides/hydroxides Insoluble
Silver Halides Insolubles
Lead iodide Insolubles
Group 2 Carbonates Insolubles
Magnesium hydroxide Insolubles
Barium Sulfate Insolubles
Sulfates: Go down group 2 Decrease in solubility
Hydroxides: Go down group 2 Increase in solubility
Created by: Zoe 1
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