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Chapter 9
EKG
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. The ventricle pacemaker cells are found at: | C. The Purkinje fibers |
| 2. The inherent rate of the Purkinje network is: | A. 20 to 40 beats per minute |
| 3. In all ventricular dysrhythmias, P-P intervals are: | B. Missing |
| 4. QRS complexes that measure 0.12 second or greater with a rate between 20 and 40 beats per minute indicate that the impulses causing ventricular depolarization are coming from the: | D. Purkinje fibers |
| 5. Ventricular rhythms occurring within the range of the Purkinje network are referred to as: | B. Ventricular escape rhythms |
| 6. Ventricular rhythms occur because: | A. Higher pacemaker sites within the heart have failed B. The rate of automaticity from this portion of the heart is faster C. This portion of the heart takes over as the primary pacemaker within the heart D. All of these <--- |
| 7. Which of the following is a correct statement about premature ventricular complexes (PVCs)? | A. PVCs will not lead to ventricular tachycardia B. PVCs may be unifocal or multifocal in origin C. PVCs only originate from one site in the ventricles D. All of these <--- |
| 8. Which of the following is caused by an ectopic impulse that occurs early in the cycle and originates from the ventricles? | C. PVC |
| 9. PVCs can occur due to hypoxic states. What must be done to determine what is causing a patient's PVCs? | A. Draw blood samples to evaluate a hypoxic state |
| 10. All of the following rhythms usually find the patient requiring immediate emergency interventions EXCEPT: | C. Premature ventricular contractions (PVC) |
| 11. What are PVCs that occur in varied shapes and forms called? | D. Multifocal |
| 12. PVCs that have an early complex and have a similar shape, suggesting that only one irritable focus is present, are called: | C. Unifocal PVCs |
| 13. PVCs that occur during the normal R-R interval without interrupting the normal cycle are known as: | B. Interpolated |
| 14. A PVC that occurs on the T wave or during the vulnerable period of the ventricle refractory period is called: | D. T on R PVC |
| 15. Two PVCs back to back are called: | C. Coupling |
| 6. More than six to seven PVCs per minute are called: | D. Frequent PVCs |
| 17. What is the cause of agonal rhythms? | B. Failure of all pacemakers of the heart |
| 18. Which ventricular dysrhythmia has a heart rate less than 20 beats per minute? | A. Agonal |
| 20. Which ventricular dysrhythmia has a heart rate between 20 and 40 beats per minute? | C. Idioventricular rhythm |
| 21. What is the primary difference between idioventricular rhythm and accelerated idioventricular rhythm? | A. Heart rate |
| 22. What is the heart rate for accelerated idioventricular rhythm? | D. 40 to 100 beats per minute |
| 24. Which ventricular dysrhythmia occurs when three or more PVCs occur in a row and the ventricular rate is greater than 100 beats per minute? | D. Ventricular tachycardia |
| 26. What should you do if you recognize ventricular tachycardia on the ECG monitor? | A. Notify a licensed practitioner immediately B. Initiate emergency protocol if the patient is unresponsive C. Save the rhythm strips to document the changes in rhythm D. All of the above <--- |
| 27. What percentage of patients with ventricular tachycardia become unconscious immediately? | A. 50% |
| 28. Ventricular fibrillation is typically described as: | C. Chaotic |
| 29. Every patient experiencing ventricular fibrillation will be: | C. Unconscious, apneic, and pulseless <- unresponsive, without breathing or without heartbeat |
| 30. If your patient is talking, he or she is not in ventricular fibrillation. What could be causing what appears to be ventricular fibrillation on the monitor? | A. Poorly attached or dried-out electrodes B. Broken lead wires C. Excessive patient movement D. All of the above <--- |
| 32. What is the difference between ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation? | C. Ventricular tachycardia has three or more PVCs and a rate of greater than 100 bpm; ventricular fibrillation is chaotic electrical activity with only fibrillatory waves |
| 33. Which ventricular dysrhythmia is often called "the straight or flat line" of rhythms? | B. Asystole |
| 34. How are agonal rhythm and asystole the same? | A. Both rhythms have an absence of P waves B. In both rhythms, the patient will be unconscious C. Both rhythms are life-threatening and require basic and advanced life support D. All of the above <--- |
| 36. What symptoms would a patient in asystole exhibit? | B. Unconsciousness and apnea |
| 37. Apnea is the absence of: | C. Breathing |
| 38. What factors are important regarding crash carts? | A. The crash cart must be near-by and ready to go B. The crash cart must be well stocked with emergency supplies C. The emergency equipment on the crash cart must be functioning properly D. All of the above <--- |
| 39. In which ventricular dysrhythmia are the ventricle walls quivering, preventing any movement of blood out of the ventricles, resulting in no cardiac output? | A. Ventricular fibrillation |
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