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ethic exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is ethics? | The moral practices, beliefs and standards of individuals and/or groups |
| What is moral philosophy? | the study of morality |
| What is philosophy? | the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline. |
| What is emotivism? | moral claims do not have truth values |
| What is cultural relativism? | the idea that different cultures have different moral values and no one is better than another |
| Intrinsic Value = | not derived from the value of something else |
| Extrinsic Value = | derived from the value of something else |
| Applied ethics | The application of moral norms to specific moral issues or cases, particularly those in a profession such as medicine or law. |
| metaethics | The study of the meaning and logical structure of moral beliefs |
| normative ethics | The study of the principles, rules, or theories that guide our actions and judgments |
| what is virture ethics | a theory of morality that makes virtue the central concern |
| What's Aristotle's definition of a virtue? | a disposition to behave in the right manner and as a mean between extremes of deficiency and excess, which are vices. |
| What does Aristotle think is the ultimate good? | happiness |
| What does Aristotle mean when he says that virtue “lies in a mean”? | lies in between the balance of the two extremes of excess and deficiency and within the balance of the two is virtue. |
| Why does Aristotle appeal to something’s “function” in order to explain his theory? | human function is rational activity, and that "function" does not mean purpose but rather a way of functioning |
| What does Aristotle say the function of human beings is and how does that affect his way of thinking about ethics? | argues that the human function is rational activity. Our good is therefore rational activity performed well, which Aristotle takes to mean in accordance with virtue. |
| virtue theory strengths | Explains important aspects of the moral life well• Puts emphasis on living a good life, being happy, and being a good person. |
| virtue theory cons | No reference to principles of duty and cannot give us any useful guidance in deciding what to do• May have all the virtues but still unable to tell right from wrong• Conflicts between virtues |
| Why is one’s duty important for Kant? | the only good reason for doing the right thing was because of duty - if you had some other reason then that you would not have acted in a morally good way. |
| What are examples of different kinds of deontological ethics? | Consequentialist which believes in approval of moral actions depending on their results. |
| What is one’s will and what does it do? how to get good will | a will whose decisions are wholly determined by moral demands or, as he often refers to this, by the Moral Law. |
| What does Kant say is the only legitimate reason for doing the right thing in any situation? | To act with a good will is to act with a desire to do your duty simply because it is your duty, to act out of pure reverence for the moral law. |
| categorical imperative | A command that we should follow regardless of our particular wants and needs; also, the single principle that defines Kant's ethical system, from which all additional maxims can be derived. |
| hypothetical imperative | A command that tells us what we should do if we have certain desires. |
| What are some of the problems of Kant's theory? | seems to conflict with our commonsense moral judgments and appears to have some flaws that restrict its usefulness in moral problem solving |
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