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DESPERATE
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Melatonin | ________ is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland that plays a role in regulating biological rhythms and immune function. |
| Slow-Wave Sleep | ________ appears to be especially important for enhanced performance on recently learned tasks. |
| Hypothamulus & Thamulus | The ___ plays a role in controlling slow wave sleep. |
| Stage 3 & Stage 4 | ________ is(are) described as slow-wave sleep. |
| stage 2 | Sleep spindles and K-complexes are most often associated with ________ sleep. |
| Depression | Symptoms of ________ may be improved by REM deprivation. |
| Latent | The ________ content of a dream refers to the true meaning of the dream. |
| central sleep apnea | An individual may suffer from ________ if there is a disruption in the brain signals that are sent to the muscles that regulate breathing. |
| narcolepsy | The most common treatment for ________ involves the use of amphetamine-like medications. |
| Dopamine | Cocaine blocks the reuptake of ___. |
| Hypnosis | Meditation may be helpful in ________. |
| alpha wave | type of relatively low frequency, relatively high amplitude brain wave that becomes synchronized; characteristic of the beginning of stage 1 sleep |
| central sleep apnea | sleep disorder with periods of interrupted breathing due to a disruption in signals sent from the brain that regulate breathing |
| codeine | opiate with relatively low potency often prescribed for minor pain |
| continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) | device used to treat sleep apnea; includes a mask that fits over the sleeper’s nose and mouth, which is connected to a pump that pumps air into the person’s airways, forcing them to remain open |
| delta wave | type of low frequency, high amplitude brain wave characteristic of stage 3 and stage 4 sleep |
| depressant | drug that tends to suppress central nervous system activity |
| K-complex | very high amplitude pattern of brain activity associated with stage 2 sleep that may occur in response to environmental stimuli |
| latent content | hidden meaning of a dream, per Sigmund Freud’s view of the function of dreams |
| manifest content | storyline of events that occur during a dream, per Sigmund Freud’s view of the function of dreams |
| non-REM (NREM) | period of sleep outside periods of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep |
| obstructive sleep apnea | sleep disorder defined by episodes when breathing stops during sleep as a result of blockage of the airway |
| rapid eye movement (REM) sleep | period of sleep characterized by brain waves very similar to those during wakefulness and by darting movements of the eyes under closed eyelids |
| REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) | sleep disorder in which the muscle paralysis associated with the REM sleep phase does not occur; sleepers have high levels of physical activity during REM sleep, especially during disturbing dreams |
| sleep apnea | sleep disorder defined by episodes during which breathing stops during sleep |
| sleep spindle | rapid burst of high frequency brain waves during stage 2 sleep that may be important for learning and memory |
| stage 1 sleep | first stage of sleep; transitional phase that occurs between wakefulness and sleep; the period during which a person drifts off to sleep |
| stage 2 sleep | second stage of sleep; the body goes into deep relaxation; characterized by the appearance of sleep spindles |
| stage 3 sleep | third stage of sleep; deep sleep characterized by low frequency, high amplitude delta waves |
| stage 4 sleep | fourth stage of sleep; deep sleep characterized by low frequency, high amplitude delta waves |
| stimulant | drug that tends to increase overall levels of neural activity; includes caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, and cocaine |
| theta wave | type of low frequency, high amplitude brain wave characteristic of stage 1 and stage 2 sleep |
| theta wave | Sleep is composed of several different stages that can be differentiated from one another by the patterns of brain wave activity that occur during each stage. While awake, our brain wave activity is dominated by |
| 13–30 Hz | As compared to the brain wave patterns while asleep, beta waves have the highest frequency (--------) and lowest amplitude, and they tend to show more variability. |
| EEG | These braom changes can be visualized using an ------- and are distinguished from one another by both the frequency and amplitude of the brain wave. |
| Hertz | The frequency of a brain wave is how many brain waves occur in a second, and frequency is measured in ------- |
| Rapid eye movement (REM) | -------- sleep is characterized by darting movements of the eyes under closed eyelids. Brain waves during ----- sleep appear very similar to brain waves during wakefulness. In |
| REM sleep and non-REM (NREM) sleep. | Sleep can be divided into two different general phases: ----- |
| non-REM (NREM) | In contrast, -------- sleep is subdivided into three stages distinguished from each other and from wakefulness by characteristic patterns of brain waves. The first three stages of sleep are NREM sleep, typically followed by REM sleep. |
| NREM | As we begin to fall asleep, we enter ------- sleep, and brain wave patterns decrease in frequency and increase in amplitude. |
| alpha waves | Early portion of stage 1 sleep produces (). These patterns of electrical activity (waves) resemble that of someone who is very relaxed, yet awake, but are more synchronized and are lower in frequency (8–12 Hz) and higher in amplitude than beta waves |
| Theta waves | ------- are even lower frequency (4–7 Hz), and higher in amplitude, than the alpha wave patterns. It |
| stage 2 sleep | As we move into ---------, Theta waves still dominate the activity of the brain, but they are interrupted by brief bursts of activity known as sleep spindles |
| sleep spindle | A --------- is a rapid burst of higher frequency brain waves that may be important for learning and memory |
| K-complex | A --------- is a very high amplitude pattern of brain activity that may in some cases occur in response to environmental stimuli. Thus, -------- might serve as a bridge to higher levels of arousal in response to what is going on in our environments |
| NREM stage 3 sleep | ------ is often referred to as deep sleep or slow-wave sleep because this stage is characterized by low frequency (less than 3 Hz), high amplitude delta waves |
| REM | ------ is when dreams occur. It is also associated with paralysis of muscle systems in the body with the exception of those that make circulation and respiration possible. |
| REM | Therefore, no movement of voluntary muscles occurs during REM sleep in a normal individual; ----- sleep is often referred to as paradoxical sleep because of this combination of high brain activity and lack of muscle tone. |
| REM | Like NREM sleep, ----- has been implicated in various aspects of learning and memory |
| REM rebound | If people are deprived of REM sleep and then allowed to sleep without disturbance, they will spend more time in REM sleep in what would appear to be an effort to recoup the lost time in REM. |
| REM rebound | In such instances, ------- may actually represent an adaptive response to stress in nondepressed individuals by suppressing the emotional salience of aversive events that occurred in wakefulness |
| Manifest content | is the actual content, or storyline, of a dream. |
| Gamma Waves | Awake |
| Beta Waves | During most activities while awake |
| Alpha Waves | While relaxed or sleepy |
| Theta Waves | During Stage 1 and 2 (light) Sleep |
| Delta Waves | During stage 3 (deep sleep) |
Created by:
Russells3709