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AP Poetry Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| tone | conveys an attitude to the person addressed through expression, whether it be by specific word choice, details, or other literary devices |
| satiric poetry | a type of comic poetry that uses criticism laced with humor to convey a message (typically involving irony) |
| persona | a fictitious character, often employed by the poet as the speaker/voice |
| irony | manner of speaking that implies a discrepancy between what is said & the actual meaning |
| ironic point of view | contrast between the writer's attitude and what is spoken by a fictitious character |
| verbal irony | words say one thing, mean something else (usually opposite) |
| sarcasm | a form of bitter/mocking verbal irony |
| dramatic irony | contains contrast between limited knowledge of a character within a play or story & something they do/encounter with a greater significance. READERS KNOW MORE THAN CHARACTERS DO! |
| cosmic irony/irony of fate | contrast character's aspiration & position with their treatment at the hands of Fate |
| image | a word or sequence of words that refers to any sensory experience |
| visual imagery | a sight is depicted |
| auditory imagery | a sound is depicted |
| tactile imagery | touch is depicted |
| haiku | poem of 17 syllables - consist of imagery with any of the 5 senses. 5-7-5 pattern |
| imagery | all of the images of a poem/piece of literature taken together |
| euphony | when sounds of words connect with meaning, which pleases both mind & ear |
| cacophony | harsh & discordant effect which mirrors the underlying meaning of its context |
| onomatopoeia | representing things & actions by words that imitate the sounds associated with it |
| alliteration | successive sequence of similar sounds. repetition of the same consonant sound at the beginning of each word (initial alliteration) or successive repetition of same consonant sound within the words inside the sequence (internal alliteration) |
| assonance | repeating the sound of a vowel within a sequence |
| rhyme | occurs when two or more words/phrases contain an identical or similar vowel sound, which is typically accented |
| exact rhyme | sounds following the vowel are the same (red/bread) |
| slant rhyme | final consonant sounds are ths am, but vowel sounds are different (sun/bone; moon/rain; green/thin) |
| consonance | slant rhyme when rhymed words/phrases have the same beginning/ending consonant sounds, but different vowels (chitter/chatter) |
| internal rhyme | rhymes within lines |
| masculine rhyme | rhyme of one syllable words or stressed final syllables for words that are greater than one syllable (jail/bail) |
| feminine rhyme | rhyme of two or more syllables, with a stress on a syllable other than the last (turtle/fertile) |
| eye rhyme | spelling appears as it should rhyme/looks alike, but pronunciations differ (rough/dough) |
| new formalists | recent poets who use rhyme more frequently in their work |
| portmanteaus | word formed by blending sounds from two or more distinct words & combining their meanings |
| rhythm | recurrence of stresses & pauses within a poem |
| stress | greater amount of force given to one syllable in speaking than is given to another. |
| slack syllable | unstressed syllables with a lesser amount of force. create effect of hesitation & uncertainty when paired |
| meter | rhythmic pattern of stresses in verse |
| caesura | a light & definite pause within a line, indicated by double vertical lines (either at punctuation or not) |
| end-stopped | if a line ends in a full pause, shown by punctuation |
| run-on line | a line that does not end in punctuation & is read with only a slight pause after it |
| scansion | scanning a line or poem by indicating the stresses in it |
| foot | unit of 2 or 3 syllables that contains one strong stress; names for accentual syllable meters |
| iambic | line made from iambs (unstressed followed by stressed) |
| anapestic | line made mainly of anapests (two unstressed followed by stressed) |
| trochaic | line made mainly of trochees (stressed followed by unstressed) |
| dactylic | line made of dactyls (stressed followed by 2 unstressed) |
| rising meter | movement rises from unstressed syllables (iambic & anapestic) |
| falling meter | movement comes from stressed syllable (trochaic & dactylic) |
| spondee ('') | metrical foot of verse consisting of two stressed syllables (2 monosyllabic feet) |
| accentual meter | poet uses accents in order to write their lines & account for meter, instead of feet |
| figures of speech | when writer departs from usual denotations of words |
| simile | comparison of two things that uses a connective (like, as, than, resembles) to express a similarity. in reality = dissimilar, considered separately |
| metaphor | statement that something is something else, when in reality/considering the literal meaning, this is not the case. not limited to one resemblance |
| implied metaphor | a metaphor that does not use the verb to be or a connective |
| mixed metaphor | combining two or more incompatible metaphors, often in an unintentional way leading to ridiculousness/nonsense within the meaning of the line |
| personification | a thing, animal or abstract term/concept is made human |
| apostrophe | way of addressing someone or something that is invisible or not commonly spoken to |
| overstatement/hyperbole | when a speaker/poet uses exaggerations instead of literal truth to create emphasis |
| understatement | speaker implies more than what is said by describing something in a way that is less than the case |
| metonymy | name of something is substituted for another thing that is closely associated with it |
| synechdoche | type of metonymy where part of a thing is used to stand for the whole of it (or vise versa) |
| paradox | statement that at first appears to be self-contradictory, but after reflecting, makes sense. achieved by using puns |
| pun (paranomasia) | play on words |
| denotation | literal definitions in the dictionary |
| connotation | associations with a word that invoke feelings/response within an audience |
| tenor | thing the poet is actually talking about |
| vehicle | what the tenor is being compared to |
| symbol | a visible object, person, place, thing, or action that suggests some further meaning in addition to itself. no single interpretation - indefinite, further meaning |
| conventional symbols | symbols that have a conventional or customary effect on us |
| symbolists | group of 19th century French poets who used complex & indirect symbols to communicate meaning, often in a way that resembled music |
| symbolic act | some people prefer symbols being concrete objects and distinguish gestures & actions as symbolic acts. suggest a deeper purpose/significance beyond their meaning, but in the form of action |
| allegory | descriptions, usually in narrative form, in which persons, places, and things are employed in a continuous & consistent system of equivalents. Example = ship, captain, sailors, rough seas represents commonwealth & rulers/workers keeping it going |
| parable | brief narrative-typically allegorical but not always- that teaches a moral |
| extended metaphor | entire poem works to support one metaphor |
Created by:
janesmith
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