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ECG
Chapter 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What medical conditions place pressure on the atria, causing atrial dysrhythmias to occur? | Myocardial infarction, valvular problems, neurological influences |
| What kind of impulse that can occur in either the right or left atrium causes atrial dysrhythmias? | Ectopic |
| In a premature atrial complex (PAC), the P wave may be biphasic. This means: | The waveform has an equally positive and negative deflection on the ECG tracing |
| A pattern in which every third complex is a premature beat is referred to as: | Trigeminy |
| Which atrial dysrhythmia has a cardiac complex that occurs too soon, has a positively deflected P wave, and other than being early, has no other abnormal features? | Premature atrial complexes (PAC) |
| A cardiac cell or group of cells that functions as an ectopic beat is known as a: | Focus |
| How many different P wave configurations in the same lead indicate a wandering atrial pacemaker (WAP)? | Three |
| WAP is a normal finding in children, older adults, and well-conditioned athletes. It may also be found in patients with: | Organic heart disease and drug toxicity |
| Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT) is sometimes confused with which of the following dysrhythmias? | Wandering atrial pacemaker (WAP) |
| What is the rate of wandering atrial pacemaker rhythm (WAP)? | 60 to 100 beats per minute |
| What is unique about the P wave in multifocal atrial tachycardia? | It changes from beat to beat. |
| What is the rate of multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT) rhythm? | 101 to 150 beats per minute |
| Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT) is usually triggered by congestive heart failure (CHF), acute mitral valve regurgitation, or an acute attack of: | Emphysema |
| Which atrial dysrhythmia has capital "F" waves and a classic sawtooth or picket fence appearance? | Atrial flutter |
| What is the rate of atrial flutter rhythm? | 250 to 350 beats per minute |
| What term means the ability of the heart to initiate an electrical impulse without being stimulated by another or independent source? | Automaticity |
| What occurs immediately prior to ventricular systole when blood is ejected from the atria into the ventricles? | Atrial kick |
| The loss of atrial kick contributes to what percent decrease in cardiac output? | 10% to 30% |
| What rhythm causes the atria to quiver, similar to a bowl of Jell-O? | Atrial fibrillation |
| What atrial dysrhythmia has lower-case "f" waves, chaotic atrial electrical activity, and irregular R to R intervals? | Atrial fibrillation |
| What is the major health risk for patients with atrial fibrillation? | Thrombus formation or embolism |
| What treatment is usually attempted for patients with atrial fibrillation? | Medication and/or electrical cardioversion |
| A traveling blood clot in the lungs in known as: | Pulmonary embolism |
| A stroke cause by a hemorrhage in the brain, or more often by a clot lodged in a cerebral artery, is known as: | Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) |
| A patient with atrial fibrillation may develop other health issues? | A. Cerebral vascular accident B. Myocardial infarction C. Renal infarction D. All of the above <--- |
| Patients with new onset of atrial fibrillation often complain of: | Dizziness, nausea |
| What treatment is usually indicated for patients with atrial flutter? | Oxygen therapy |
| How would frequent premature atrial complexes (PACs) affect a patient with coronary artery disease? | Low cardiac output |
| What symptom might a patient with frequent PACs complain of? | Palpitations |
| Which atrial dysrhythmia is similar to finding a shortcut to school, bypassing the normal traffic route to get to the destination faster? | Atrial flutter |
| Which of the following terms describes electrical impulses that originate in the atria and initiate an early impulse that interrupts the inherent regular rhythm? | Automaticity |
| Which atrial dysrhythmia has a changing P wave configuration with at least three variations in one lead and may also have an irregular rhythm? | Wandering atrial pacemaker (WAP) |
| Which atrial dysrhythmia has a clearly changing P wave and a heart rate of 101 to 150 beats per minute? | Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT) |
| Which rhythm is often a transient dysrhythmia that will lead to a more serious atrial dysrhythmia if not treated? | Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT) |
| Which atrial dysrhythmia occurs when electrical impulses come from areas of reentry pathways or multiple ectopic foci? | Atrial flutter |
| The ineffective electrical activity in atrial fibrillation can cause a cardiac output of only: | 20% |
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KIMMYCO