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development of fetus
terms and definitions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Fertilization | the action or process of fertilizing an egg, female animal, or plant, involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote. |
| Fertilization occurs in the? | fallopian tubes |
| What happens after fertilization? | the egg becomes the embryo, the ovule becomes the seed, and the ovary becomes the fruit |
| embryo | the developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month |
| placenta | A structure that allows an embryo to be nourished with the mother's blood supply |
| umbilical cord | a tube containing the blood vessels connecting the fetus and placenta |
| amniotic sac | a fluid-filled sac that cushions and protects a developing embryo and fetus in the uterus |
| amniotic fluid | fluid within the amniotic sac that surrounds and protects the fetus |
| Heart beat begins | 3.5 weeks (1st month) |
| 10 weeks | External genitalia may be determined by ultrasound |
| 5 weeks gestation | About 5mm big, the "organs" begin to form, 3 weeks past missed period |
| 12 weeks gestation | most organs are formed and "organs" start working |
| 16-20 weeks | movement felt by mother |
| 24 weeks | Lungs begin to develop and the fetus has a chance of survival outside the uterus |
| fetus lungs | not able to oxygenate circulating blood are suspended in aq. amniotic fluid => no air to take in |
| oxygen comes from maternal circulation => | diffuse through placenta vessel |
| Fetal lung development | *Fetal lung develops as a fluid structure with no role in gas exchange * fetal lung fluid is constantly produced and keeps the fetal lung inflated |
| fetal brain development | origins of major regions of the brain are already detectable at four weeks gestation. |
| egg fertilization | the union of a male and female gamete to form a zygote where it stays for 3 to 4 days in the fallopian tubes |
| Blastocyst | stage of early development in mammals that consists of a hollow ball of cells |
| The placenta produces what hormones? | estrogen and progesterone |
| Estrogen | A sex hormone, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males. In nonhuman female mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity. |
| Progesterone | A hormone produced by the ovaries which acts with estrogen to bring about the menstral cycle. |
| 14 weeks gestation | the sex can be identified |
| Placenta | A structure that allows an embryo to be nourished with the mother's blood supply |
| what happens right after conception? | Within 24 hours after fertilization, the egg begins rapidly dividing into many cells. It remains in the fallopian tube for about three days after conception. Then the fertilized egg (now called a blastocyte) continues to divide as it passes slowly through |
| Implantation | The process by which the zygote attaches to the uterine wall |
| blastocysts form an | embryo with in three weeks |
| early term | a pregnancy that has reached between 37 weeks 0 days and 38 weeks 6 days of gestation |
| full term | 39-40 weeks |
| late term | 41 weeks to 41 weeks and 6 days |
| post term | >42 weeks |
| first trimester | 1-13 weeks |
| fertilized egg is called | zygote and has one set of chromosomes from each parent and grows and a water tight sac forms around it filling with amnionic fluid which cushions the growing embryo |
| 5-8 weeks after conception | facial features, tiny buds grow into arms and legs with fingers and toes |
| 9-12 weeks after conception | arms, hands, fingers and toes are fully formed. the reproductive organs are beginning to develop |
| By the end of the third month of pregnancy, the placenta is usually fully functional as a nutritive, respiratory, excretory, and endocrine organ. | the fetus is about 4 inches long and weighs about 1 ounce |
| 2nd trimester of pregnancy | 4-6 months; sex can be determined, systems developing |
| 3rd trimester | The fetus continues to mature and develop reserves of body fat. You may notice more kicking. The brain developing rapidly at this time, and the fetus can see and hear. Most internal systems are well developed, but the lungs may still be immature. |
| week 37-40 | -now full term-ready to enter the world-organs can function on their own |
| secondary sex characteristics | non-reproductive sexual traits, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair |
| Epididymis | A long, coiled duct on the outside of the testis in which sperm mature. |
| vas deferens | tube that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra |
| zygote | fertilized egg |
| umbilicus | belly button |
| germ layers | ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm |
| Ectoderm | outermost germ layer; produces sense organs, nerves, and outer layer of skin |
| Mesoderm | middle germ layer; develops into muscles, and much of the circulatory, reproductive, and excretory systems |
| Endoderm | the inner germ layer that develops into the lining of the digestive and respiratory systems |
| ecto | outside |
| meso | middle |
| endo | inside |
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