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General Bio 1-3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains? | Archaea and Bacteria |
| For most ecosystems __________ is (are) the ultimate source of energy, and energy leaves the ecosystem in the form of __________. | sunlight; heat |
| The same basic array of bones is modified to give rise to the wing of a bat and the fin of a porpoise. Such anatomical structures are called: | homologous |
| Evolution is biology's core theme that ties together all the other themes. This is because evolution explains | correct all of the above |
| Which of the following sequences represents the hierarchy of biological organization from the least to the most complex level? | molecule, cell, organ system, population, ecosystem, biosphere |
| What is a hypothesis? | a tentative explanation that can be tested and is falsifiable |
| Your microwave will not turn on, and you speculate that a circuit breaker in the house has been tripped. In scientific terminology, the steps would be described as: | developing a hypothesis based on an observation. |
| The lowest level of biological organization that can perform all the activities required for life is the | cell–for example, a muscle cell. |
| The method of reasoning that constructs general principles by careful examination of specific cases is called: | inductive reasoning |
| Homo Sapiens is the proper way to write our species name. | False |
| Two species that belong to the same genus must also belong to the same ____. | kingdom. phylum class order correct all of the above |
| Which branch of biology is concerned with the naming and classifying of organisms? | taxonomy |
| There are _____ naturally occurring elements. | 92 |
| A particular carbon isotope has an atomic number of 6 and an atomic weight of 14. The respective number of neutrons, protons, and electrons it has is _____. | 8, 6, 6 |
| As a solution increases in acidity, the pH goes up. Question 14 options: True False | false |
| An atom that normally has _____ in its outer shell would tend not to form chemical bonds with other atoms. | 8 electrons |
| Surface tension is the result of which property of water? | cohesion |
| The innermost electron shell of an atom can hold up to _____ electrons. | 2 |
| A covalent bond is likely to be polar if _____. | one of the atoms sharing electrons is much more electronegative |
| Atoms of different phosphorus isotopes _____. | have different numbers of neutrons |
| Isotopes of an element will always differ in _____. | atomic mass |
| Which is NOT involved in, or is NOT relevant to, hydrogen bonding? | loss of electrons |
| A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by ordinary chemical procedures is a(n) _____. | element |
| An atom that normally has _____ in its outer shell would tend not to form chemical bonds with other atoms. | 8 electrons |
| When water ionizes, it produces equal amounts of hydrogen and hydroxide ions that can reassociate with each other. The pH of water is: | 7 |
| A(n) _____ refers to two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds. | molecule |
| An uncharged atom of boron has an atomic number of 5 and an atomic mass of 11. How many protons does boron have? | 5 |
| Two atoms of the same element must have the same number of _____. | protons |
| Folding due to chemical bonding between distant regions (R groups) of the polypeptide | Tertiary Structure |
| The sequence of amino acids. | Primary Structure |
| These biological compounds are nonpolar and insoluble in water: | lipids |
| Animal tissue that serves to store fat, insulate, and cushion vital organs is which type? | Adipose |
| What type of monomer does ATP represent? | nucleotide |
| Which of the following represents correct complementary base pairing of nitrogenous bases? | Adenine—Thymine |
| Molecules with the same molecular formulas but with different structural arrangements are… | Isomers |
| Cn(H2O), where n = # of carbons, is the general formula for which of the following? | Monosaccharides, The smallest unit of a carbohydrate is a monosaccharide. |
| Which of the following is the monomer of a carbohydrate polymer? | Monosaccharide |
| Macromolecules are broken down to monomers in ________. | Hydrolysis |
| A nucleic acid contains thymine, allowing you to conclude that: | this nucleic acid is DNA |
| You arrive late to a biological seminar. However, just as you enter the room, you hear the speaker referring to the "five-prime end" and the "three-prime end" of a macromolecule. Immediately, you know that they are talking about a: | nucleic acid |
| Humans are unable to get metabolic energy from cellulose because: | cellulose digesting enzymes are absent from the human gut |
| Some types of collagen consist of three polypeptide chains twisted together to form a rope-like strand. What level of protein structure does this rope-like strand represent? | Quaternary |
| Phospholipids are made up of: | a phosphate, two fatty acids and a glycerol |
| The level of organization that most influences the overall protein structure. | Primary Structure |
| Alpha helix and beta pleat formations due to hydrogen bonding. | Secondary Structure |
| DNA is a ________ stranded molecule with a _________configuration. | double; helix |
| Which set represents the Purine bases? | Guanine and Adenine |
| Enantiomers are molecules that _____. | are mirror images of each other |
| Seth ordered lobster at a restaurant and realized that the outer shell was made of a tough carbohydrate similar to that used to make the carapace of a cockroach. What do you think the outer shell of the lobster is made of? | Chitin |
| A monosaccharide that plays an important role in energy storage is a six-carbon sugar called: | galactose |
| A nucleic acid contains uracil, allowing you to conclude that: | this nucleic acid is RNA |
| You arrive late to a biological seminar. However, just as you enter the room, you hear the speaker referring to the "amino end" and the "carboxyl end" of a macromolecule. Immediately, you know that they are talking about a: | protein |
| What polysaccharide forms the long, tough fibers found in plant cell walls? | cellulose |
| Three fatty acids bonded together with a glycerol are found in a(n): | triglyceride |
| How do we recognize life? | We recognize life by what living things do |
| How do we describe life? | We describe life by common properties shared by all. |
| Where does understanding of life come from? | Understanding comes from connecting properties and processes. |
| How is knowledge gained in life? | Knowledge is gained by observation of the natural world |
| What is a living thing? | an Organism |
| What are the 9 properties of life? | 1. The Cell 2. Reproduction 3. Genetic Code 4. Growth and Development* 5. Use of Energy 6. Response 7. Internal Balance* 8. Evolution* 9. Order |
| Properties emerge as _____ increases. | complexity |
| What is the organization of Hierarchy? | atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere |
| How do properties emerge? | Properties emerge as a result of combinations of components that form a more complex organization. |
| What is the cell theory? | The structural, functional, and reproductive unit of life is the cell. |
| What is the lowest level of organization that can perform all activities required for life? | the cell |
| What are the two main types of cells? | prokaryotic and eukaryotic |
| What does karyon refer to? | the cellular nucleus |
| What does eu mean? | true |
| What does pro mean? | before |
| What provides the matter of life? | chemical nutrients |
| What are the two major processes of organism-environment interactions? | 1. Flow of Energy 2. Cycling of Chemicals |
| Flow of energy meaning? | Energy is conserved and flows into and out of the ecosystem |
| Cycling of chemicals meaning? | Chemicals cycle within the ecosystem as they are processed on a cellular level |
| What is Metabolism? | the processing of chemicals and energy |
| What are the 2 Main metabolic pathways used to transform energy? | Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration |
| What is photosynthesis? | Light energy is transformed into chemical energy |
| What is Cellular respiration? | Chemical energy is extracted for use in work |
| What are autotrophs? | make their own organics, ‘self-feeders |
| What are heterotrophs? | feed from what others make (cannot make organics) |
| What is one of the major themes in Biology? | Evolution |
| What is evolution? | the gradual change in populations over time |
| What is taxonomy? | the field of science dealing with the sorting and naming of diverse organisms |
| Organisms are described and named for _______. | universal identification |
| Levels are called a ______. | taxa |
| What is the broadest taxon? | Domain |
| What is the most specific (narrowest) taxon? | Species |
| What is the sequence of taxa? | Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species |
| What are the 3 Domains? | Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya |
| Which two Domains have Prokaryotic cells? | Bacteria, Archaea |
| Which Domain has a Eukaryotes cell? | Eukarya |
| Individuals are identified by their species name which consists of what two parts? | – genus - noun, always capitalized – specific epithet - descriptive, lowercase |
| How do you identify these two parts? | • Both parts are italicized or underlined – Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) – Homo sapiens (H. sapiens) – Quercus alba (Q. alba) |
| What is scientific inquiry? | a search for information and explanation |
| What is deductive reasoning? | seeks specifics based on general truths, tests hypotheses • If general ‘truth’ is wrong, hypothesis is flawed. |
| What is inductive reasoning? | uses specific observations to explain processes (make generalizations) of nature, leads to hypothetical explanations |
| What is a hypothesis? | are tentative explanations of natural phenomena – must be testable and falsifiable |
| What is technology? | the application of scientific knowledge for some specific (useful) purpose. |
| What are ways to organize thoughts? | models |
| List the sequence of levels in the organization of life (start at the most inclusive level). | -Biosphere -Ecosystem |
| What is the basic unit of life? What is the basic unit of matter? | -cell -atom |
| What is the most inclusive taxon? | Domain |
| What are the 2 parts of a species name? | -genus -specific epithet |
| Which taxon is more specific: Order or Family? | -family |
| What ‘nutritional mode’ describes the ‘producers’? What metabolic pathway do they employ? | -autotroph -photosynthesis |
| An ‘if and then’ approach describes the nature of the tentative explanation of a natural phenomenon. This explanation is called what? | hypothesis |
| Matter + Energy= | Universe |
| Can elements be broken down by chemical reactions? | No |
| How many naturally occurring elements are there? | 92 |
| What are elemenst composed of? | Atoms |
| What are the smallest units of matter? | Atoms |
| What are the 3 subatomic particles that atoms are composed of? | Protons, Neutrons and Electrons |
| What is the mass, location and charge of Proton? | •1 amu* •in atomic nucleus •positive (+) charge |
| What is the mass, location and charge of Neutron? | • 1 amu • in nucleus • no (neutral) charge |
| What is the mass, location and charge of Electron? | • relatively no mass • in orbitals surrounding nucleus • negative (-) charge |
| What is the atomic number? | number of protons |
| What is the atomic symbol? | 1 or 2 letters |
| What is the atomic mass? | sum of protons + neutrons |
| What is a Isotope? | Atoms with the same number of protons, different number of neutrons |
| What are isotopes of carbon? | C-12, C-13, and C-14 |
| C-14 is unstable, meaning that it is a ______. | Radioisotope |
| What is energy released as? | Radiation |
| What is the process by which atoms become stable? | Decay |
| Amu stands for? | Atomic Mass Unit |
| How do we use these unstable isotopes? | – Dating fossils – Tracing chemicals through the body |
| What describes likely position of electrons as they move around the nucleus? | orbitals |
| What represents energy levels based on distance from nucleus? | shells |
| Electrons closer to the nucleus have more energy. True or false? | False |
| What is the outermost energy level? | Valance Shell |
| What are the electrons found in the valence shell? | Valence Electrons |
| What is the # of bonds an atom will form? | an atom's Valence |
| What refers to an atom’s tendency to fill its valence shell? | Reactivity |
| _____ atoms do not form bonds, very stable. | Inert |
| What are the 3 types of chemical bonds? | 1. Covenant Bonds 2. Ionic Bonds 3. Hydrogen Bonds |
| What results when atoms share valence electrons? | Covalent bonds |
| What are attractions based on opposite charge? | Ionic Bonds |
| What are between ‘polar’ molecules? | Hydrogen bonds |
| What are two or more atoms covalently bonded? | a molecule |
| What involves 2 or more different atoms (either covalent or ionic attractions)? | compounds |
| What forms between atoms with different degrees of electronegativity? | Polar covalent bonds |
| What is the condition of having a partial charge (separation of charge at opposite ends)? | Polarity |
| What are charged atoms or molecules? | Ions |
| What has fewer electrons than protons? | Cations—positive charge |
| What has more electrons than protons? | Anions—negative charge |
| What is the sum of all the chemical reactions of an organism (which occur on a cellular level)? | Metabolism |
| What interactions are weak and occur when molecules (or parts of molecules) are very close together? | Van der Waals |
| Solutions made of ______. | Solute and Solvent |
| What are compounds that when added to a solution resists a change in pH? | Buffers |
| The temperature of the air and land change more rapidly than water; why? | it has a higher specific heat |
| [H+][OH]= | 10^-14 |
| Who’s your baby, your boo, your love, your wifeyyyyy? | Ci Ci with her fine self you already know😘. |
Created by:
JefferyCWilliams