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Exposures Unit 1

QuestionAnswer
when were x rays discovered? november 8, 1895
frequency and energy have what relationship? direct relationship
what two things are needed to produce x rays? high speed and deceleration of electrons
T OR F. all x rays produced with the technical factors 70 kvp and 10 mas travel at the same speed True
T OR F. all x rays produced with the technical factors 70 kvp and 10 mas have the same energy False
what is the filament made of in a typical x ray tube? tungsten
what is the main function of the glass envelope in a modern x ray tube? to provide a good environment for x rays to be produced
why does the anode rotate? to disapate heat within the x ray tube
how many heat units result from an exposure made on single phase x ray equipment using 400 ma, 0.3 sec, and 75 kvp? 9000 HU
how many heat units result from an exposure made on three phase 12 pulse x ray equipment using 200 ma, 0.2 sec, and 80 kvp 4320 HU
the standard set by the us government for total filtration to ensure that patients receive a minimum dose of radiation is ____ mm Al or its equivalent 2.5
the x ray tube housing is required to not let more than _____ of leakage radiation to escape when measured at 1 meter of the source 100 mR/hr
180 msec = ___ sec .18
2/5 sec = ___ sec .08
300 mA @ .02 sec = ___ mAs 6
250 mA @ 80 msec = ___ mAs 20
what was the first x ray tube used in x ray? Crooks Tube
T OR F. x rays are visible false
T OR F. x rays are positive false
T OR F. x rays have no mass true
T OR F. x rays travel at the speed of light true
T OR F. x rays can be seen false
T OR F.x-rays form a heterogeneous beam true
T OR F.x rays do not form a poly energetic beam false
T OR F. x rays can be produced in a range of energies true
T OR F. x rays travel in curves false
T OR F. x rays cause substances to fluoresce true
T OR F. x rays do not penetrate the human body false
T OR F. x rays can be absorbed by human tissue true
T OR F. x rays don’t cause scatter false
T OR F. x rays do not produce secondary radiation false
T OR F. x rays do not cause chemical and biological damage to tissue false
single phase factor 1.00
three phase factor 1.35
high frequency factor 1.40
small angle = ___ focal spot size small
what year were some of the biologically damaging effects of x ray discovered? 1898
x rays were discovered in experiments dealing with electricity and ____ vacuum tubes
x rays were discovered when they caused a barium platinocyanide coated plate to ___ fluoresce
x radiation is classified in which spectrum electromagnetic
x rays have a dual nature, which means that they behave like both ____ and ______ waves and particles
the wavelength and frequency of x rays are ____ related inversely
x rays have electrical _____ charge an alternately positive and negative charge
x rays have ____ mass no mass
the x ray beam used in diagnostic radiography can be described as being ____ polyenergetic
the unit that measures the transfer of radiation energy into tissues is known as the gray
what is defined as the measure of the intensity of radiation exposure exposure
what is the radiation weighing factor for x and gamma rays 1
which of the following will minimize radiation exposure to the patient A. beam restriction B. gonadal shielding C. avoid unnecessary duplicate exams D. all of the above D. all of the above
which x ray tube component serves as a source of electrons for x ray production filament
electrons interact with the ___ to produce x rays and heat target
the cloud of electrons that forms before x ray production is referred to as space charge
the burning or boiling off of electrons at the cathode is referred to as thermionic emission
which primary exposure factor influences both the quantity and the quality of x ray photons kVp
the unit used to express tube current is mA
what percentage of the kinetic energy is converted to heat when moving electrons strike the anode target 99%
the intensity of the x ray beam is greater on the cathode side of x ray tube
according to the line focus principle, as the target angle decreases, the ____ effective focal spot size decreases
____ extends x ray tube life warming up the tube after 2 hours of non use
which type of target interaction is responsible for most of the x rays in the diagnostic beam bremsstrahlung interaction
what value of mAs is produced when the radiographer sets a kVp of 70, an mA of 600, and an exposure time of 50 ms 30 mAs
increasing the kVp results in A. x rays with higher energy B. x rays with lower energy C. more x rays D. A and C E. all of the above D. A and C
total filtration in the x ray beam includes A. compensating filters B. inherent filtration C. added filtration D. B and C D. B and C
how many heat units result from an exposure made on a single phase x ray unit using a beam current of 400 mA, an exposure time of 0.2 s, and a kVp of 70 5600 HU
the process whereby a radiographic image is created by variations in absorption and transmission of the exiting x ray beam is known as differential absorption
which of the following processes occur during the x ray beam interaction with tissue 1. absorption 2. photon transmission 3. scattering A. 1&2 B. 1&3 C. 2&3 D.1,2&3 D. 1,2&3
the ability of an x ray photon to remove an atoms electron is a characteristic known as ionization
the x ray interaction responsible for absorption is photoelectric
the x ray interaction responsible for scattering is compton
remnant radiation is composed of which of the following 1. transmitted radiation 2. absorbed radiation 3. scattered radiation A. 1&2 B. 1&3 C. 2&3 D. 1,2&3 B. 1&3
what interaction causes unwanted exposure to the image, known as fog compton
which of the following factors would affect beam attenuation 1. tissue atomic number 2. beam quality 3. fog A. 1&2 B. 1&3 C. 2&3 D. 1,2&3 A. 1&2
the high brightness areas on a radiographic image are created by absorbed radiation
an anatomic part that transmits the incoming x ray photon would create an area of ___ on the radiographic image low brightness
T OR F. the process of creating a radiographic image by differential absorption varies for film screen and digital imaging false
which attribute(s) of a radiographic image affect(s) the visibility of sharpness A. distortion B. contrast C. brightness D. B and C D. B and C
a radiographic image with many shades of gray but few differences amount them is said to have ____ low contrast
which of the following is defined as the range of exposure intensities that an image receptor can accurately detect dynamic range
T OR F. fluoroscopy uses a continuous beam of x rays to create images of moving internal anatomic structures true
CGRUVIR COSMIC GAMMA RAYS ULTRA VIOLET VISIBLE LIGHT INFRARED RADIOWAVES
distance between two successive crests or troughs wavelength
used to measure wavelength angstrom; Å
the number of waves passing a given point per given unit of time frequency
referencing the electromagnetic spectrum ⬆️frequency ⬇️wavelength
⬆️wavelength= ⬇️energy= less damage
⬆️frequency= ⬆️energy= more damage
positively charged side of x ray tube anode
negatively charged size of x ray tube cathode
device in the x ray tube that causes the target to rapidly rotate during x ray production rotor
the boiling off of electrons from the cathode filament thermonuclear emmission
the tendency of the space charge not to allow more electrons to be boiled off the filament space charge effect
the energy of the primary beam is deposited within the atoms comprising the tissue Absorption
occurs when an incoming photon loses some but not all energy, then changes direction scatter
x rays are attenuated exponentially and generally reduced by 50% for each 4-5 clod tissue thickness tissue thickness
effects the way radiation shows up on an x ray atomic number
visible as brightness fluctuations and is photon dependent quantum noise
Created by: taylor_elliott
 

 



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