Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
BACT211
INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| COMMENSAL | microorganisms that do not induce harm or disease despite being present in the human body |
| Lucretius and Girolamo Fracastoro | Roman Philosophers They suggested that a disease was caused by “invisible living creatures” |
| Francesco Stelluti | He made the earliest microscopic observations on bees and weevils using a microscope probably supplied by Galileo |
| Anton van Leeuwenhoek | The first true microbiologist The first person to observe and describe microorganisms accurately |
| Anton van Leeuwenhoek | He discovered animalcules He used his self-made single lens microscope with 50-300x magnification |
| Aristotle | Simpler invertebrates could arise from spontaneous generation |
| Francesco Redi | In 1668, he demonstrated that maggots do not arise spontaneously from decaying meat His results were a serious blow to the long-held belief that large forms of life could arise from non-life. |
| John Needham | He observed that boiled mutton broth (tightly sealed) eventually became cloudy with microorganisms. He proposed that organic matter possessed a vital force that could give rise to life. |
| Lazzaro Spallanzi | He improved the previous experiments of Needham by using sealed boiled water and seeds He observed that no growth took place as long as the flasks remained sealed. |
| BIOGENESIS | Living cells can rise only from preexisting living cells. |
| Rudolf Virchow | He challenged spontaneous generation with the concept of biogenesis |
| Theodore Schwann | He observed that no growth occurred in a flask containing nutrient solution after allowing air to pass through a red-hot tube. |
| Goerg Friedrich Schroder and Theodore von Dusch | Observed that no growth occurred after allowing air to pass through sterile cotton wool placed in a flask of heat-sterilized medium. |
| Louis Pasteur | He resolved the issue of spontaneous generation He stated that microorganisms are indeed present in the air and can contaminate seemingly sterile solutions, however the air itself does not create microbes. |
| Louis Pasteur | He showed that microorganisms can be present innonliving matter (fomites). • He started that microbial life can be destroyed by heat He provided evidence that microorganisms cannot originate from mystical forces present in nonliving materials |
| Cohn’s Experiment | The presence of endospores can make the bacteria heatresistant. |
| John Tyndall | He showed that dust carry germs which contaminates sterile broth. |
| TYNDALLIZATION | form of sterilization for three consecutive days. |
| Charles Chamberland | Created a porcelain bacterial filter (1884) and developed anthrax vaccine together with Pasteur. |
| THE GERM THEORY OF DISEASE | Microorganisms might cause the disease |
| Joseph Lister | He developed the antiseptic system of surgery He demonstrated the used of phenol for treating surgical wounds and also sprayed phenol over the surgical area. |
| Robert Koch | He established the first proof that bacteria indeed cause disease He discovered Bacillus anthracis – causative agent of anthrax He discovered Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| Robert Koch | He was the first to culture bacteria on boiled potatoes, gelatin and used meat extracts and protein digests for cultivation. He developed culture media for observing growth of bacteria isolated from human body. |
| Koch’s Postulates | The microorganisms must be present in every case of the disease but absent from healthy organisms. The suspected microorganisms must be isolated and grown in a pure culture. |
| Koch’s Postulates | The same disease must result when the isolated microorganisms is inoculated into healthy host. The same organisms must be isolated again from the diseased host |
| Fannie Eilshemius Hesse | suggested the use of agar as a solidifying agent |
| Richard Petri | developed the petri dish (plate) |
| Martinus Beijernick and Sergie Winogradsky | developed the enrichment-culture technique and the use of selective media |
| Edward Jenner | Experimented on how people can be protected against small pox He collected scrapings from cowpox blisters and inoculated a healthy volunteer with the cowpox material by scratching the person’s arm with a pox-contaminated needle |
| Pasteur | Used the term “vaccine” - for culture of avirulent microorganisms use for preventive inoculation He used attenuated culture known as vaccine (Latin “vacca” - cow) |
| MODERN THERAPHY | MAGIC BULLET |
| Chemotherapy | Is the treatment of disease by using chemical substances It also refers to chemical treatment of noninfectious diseases, such as cancer. |
| Synthetic drugs | prepared from chemicals in the laboratory |
| Antibiotics | produced naturally by bacteria and fungi to act against microorganisms |
| Emil Von Behring | Prepared antitoxins for diphtheria and tetanus |
| Paul Ehrlich | Discovered salvarsan (arsphenamine) for treatment of syphilis |
| Alexander Fleming | Accidentally discovered penicillin (Penicillium notatum) |
| Howard Florey and Ernst Chain | Made the purification process for penicillin |
| Dr. Abelardo B. Aguilar | Ilonggo physician He discovered the antibiotic erythromycin in soil samples he obtained—but never got the credit and compensation he truly deserved. |
Created by:
1569455770155198