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Geology Test
Minerals and Rocks Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the difference between a mineral and a rock? | Mineral: is a naturally occurring substance with distinctive chemical and physical properties, composition and atomic structure. Rock: Rocks are generally made up of two of more minerals, mixed up through geological processes. |
| What is a mineral? (4) | 1. naturally occurring 2. inorganic 3. solid 4. with a chemical composition and crystalline structure |
| How do elements play a role in minerals? | The type of mineral that forms depends on the elements present in the area and the temperature and pressure. |
| How do minerals form? (3) | 1. Cooling of magma or lava 2. Metamorphism 3. From solutions |
| Properties of minerals (7) | 1. color 2. streak 3. luster 4. cleavage/fracture 5. density (mass/volume) 6. hardness (Mohs scale) 7. special properties |
| What is a rock? | A combination of one or more minerals or organic matter |
| What processes change rock? (7) | 1. Weathering 2. Erosion 3. Deposition 4. Heat 5. Pressure 6. Melt 7. Cool |
| What are the 3 rock types? | 1. Igneous 2. Metamorphic 3. Sedimentary |
| How are Igneous rocks form? | melting and cooling of magma or lava |
| How do Metamorphic rocks form? | increase of temperature and pressure |
| How do Sedimentary rocks form? (2) | 1. weathering and erosion 2. deposition of sediment and cementation of it |
| Rock cycle- what is it? | Series of natural processes that change one type of rock into another |
| What drives the rock cycle? | Forces on earth's surface and deep within the earth |
| Rock cycle 3 steps | 1. Weathering and erosion by wind and water break down rock into sediment 2. Heat from Earth's interior melts and deforms rocks 3. Pressure from Earth's interior compacts sediments and cements them back together |
| How is sediment changed during rock cycle? | Sediment COMPACTS and CEMTENTATION turns into Sedimentary Rock |
| How is sedimentary rock turned back into sediment? | Weathering and erosion |
| How is igneous rock turned into sediment? | Weathering and erosion |
| How is metamorphic rock turned into sediment? | Weathering and erosion |
| How is sedimentary rock turned into metamorphic rock? | Heat and pressure |
| How are igneous rock turned into metamorphic rock? | Heat and pressure |
| How does metamorphic rock turn into magma? | It melts |
| How does igneous rock turn into magma? | it melts |
| How is magma turned into igneous rock? | it cools |
| How do tectonic plates impact the rock cycle? (3) | 1. uplifting 2. subsidence 3. rift zone |
| All rocks are classified by 2 main ways? | 1. Mineral composition (% of what it is made up of) 2. Texture (the grain size within the rock) |
| Igneous rocks are divided into (2) | 1. Intrusive rock 2. Extrusive rock |
| What is INTRUSIVE rock? | cooled WITHIN the Earth (larger crystals) |
| What is EXTRUSIVE rock? | cooled ON the Earth (little to no crystals) |
| Sedimentary rocks are divided into (3) | 1. Clastic 2. Chemical 3. Organic |
| What is CLASTIC rock? | sediment layering and cementing together |
| What is CHEMICAL rock? | forming a solution |
| What is ORGANIC rock? | made from organic materials (once living things) |
| Metamorphic rocks are divided into (2) | 1. Foliated 2. Non-Foliated |
| What is foliated metamorphic rock? | minerals align and form banded layers |
| What is non-foliated metamorphic rock? | minerals that that are NOT aligned to for banded layers |
Created by:
27dtrez