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Chem Chapter 4

TermDefinition
Democritus ________ (460–370 B.C.E.) and his mentor Leucippus (fifth century B.C.E.) recorded ideas of atoms.
Dalton In 1808—over 2000 years later—_____ formalized a theory of atoms that gained broad acceptance.
Thomson An English physicist named ______ (1856–1940) discovered a smaller and more fundamental particle called the electron.
Rutherford _________'s gold foil experiment (1909): Tiny particles called alpha-particles were directed at a thin sheet of gold foil.
Repel Positive–positive and negative–negative charges ____ each other.
Attract Positive and negative electrical charges ______ each other.
Atomic Number The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is its ____ ______ and is given the symbol Z.
Dmitri Mendeleev ____ ____ , a Russian chemistry professor, proposed from observation that when the elements are arranged in order of increasing relative mass, certain sets of properties recur periodically.
Metals occupy the left side of the periodic table and have similar properties
Nonmetals occupy the upper right side of the periodic table
Metalloids lie along the zigzag diagonal line dividing metals and nonmetals.
Semiconductors Metalloids are also called ________ because of their intermediate electrical conductivity, which can be changed and controlled.
Ions In chemical reactions, atoms often lose or gain electrons to form charged particles called ___
Cation Positive Ions
Anion Negative Ions
Isotopes Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are called _______
Natural Abundance All elements have their own unique percent _____ ________ of isotopes.
Neutrons The number of ________ in an isotope is the difference between the mass number and the atomic number.
Nuclear Radiation The emitted subatomic particles are called ____ _______
Radioactive The isotopes that emit them are termed ________
Created by: Sydboyer15
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