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Subjunctive

Grammar: General Rules

QuestionAnswer
Use present infinitive, not subjunctive When two sentences are combined and the verbs in each sentence have the same subject, the infinitive is used. Je suis triste, je pars-> Je suis triste de partir.
Use of "ne" After 1. expressions of fear, 2. empêcher que, 3. the interrogative of douter, word "ne" is placed before verb in subjunctive (formal speech only). Does not make verb negative.
Use of "ne" - examples J'ai peur qu'il ne comprenne (I am afraid he understands). J'ai empêché qu'il ne sorte (I kept him from going out). Doutez-vous que ce livre ne soit utile? (Do you doubt this book is useful?)
Past subjunctive - how formed Composed of subjunctive of the auxiliary verb (avoir or être) plus the past participle.
Past subjunctive - use Used to indicate that the action of the subordinate clause happened before the action of the main clause. Je suis désolé que tu aies perdu. Il est content que nous soyons venus.
Subjunctive - common forms of sentences 3 types d'expression introduisent le subjonctif: 1. Cela + verbe 2. Je + verbe 3. C'est + adjectif/adverbe
Subjunctive - negative sentence If main clause is negative, "que" clause is normally subjunctive , esp. when verb in main clause is Je or Nous form in present tense. Je ne crois pas qu'elle soit bête.
Subjunctive - negative sentence exception 1 Indicative can (not required) be used to emphasize sense of future in "que" clause. Je ne crois pas qu'il viendra ce soir.
Subjunctive - negative sentence exception 2 Indicative can (not required) be used if a higher degree of certainty is desired. Ils ne croient pas que tu as 100 ans.
Il semble que Use the subjunctive Il semble qu'il soit malade.
Il ME semble que, il paraît que, il me paraît que Use the indicative Il me semble qu'il est malade.
Il ne me semble pas que, il ne paraît pas que, il ne me paraît pas que Always use the subjunctive Il ne me semble pas qu'il soil malade.
When to use past or present subjunctive - rule When the action in the "que" clause take place at same time or after actions of the main clause, present subjunctive is used even if main clause is in the past J'étais triste que tu partes le jour même. J'étais triste que tu partes le lendemain.
Coire que, penser que, trouver que, imaginer que, espérer que Verbs expressing opinions or beliefs, use INDICATIVE if main clause is affirmative, SUBJUNCTIVE if main clause is negative Je crois qu'elle est bête. Je ne crois pas qu'elle soit bête.
Subjunctive Passive Voice, Present Tense - how formed Use present subjunctive of auxiliary verb être + past participle of main verb. Je veux que la voiture soit vendre.
Subjunctive Passive Voice, Past Tense - how formed Use past subjunctive of auxiliary verb être + past participle of main verb: J'aimerais que la voiture ait été vendue.
Subjunctive Passive Voice, Past Tense - exception If only one subject, use passive voice of present perfect infinitive: Paul est furieux d'avoir été embêté.
Subjunctive Passive Voice, Present Tense - exception If only one subject, use the past infinitive (infinitive + past participle). A d' is placed before the infinitive. Je suis triste d'être partie. Je suis ravi d'avoir compris.
Sauf si replaced by à moins que Negative expression "à moins que...ne" can replace "sauf si". No "pas" is needed. Je viens sauf s'il pleut--> Je viens à moins qu'il ne pleuve.
Created by: Benfranklin
 

 



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