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chapter 5
cosmetology chapter 5 Infection control
| Cosmetologists must understand how to guard against these 5 micro-organisms: | bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, biofilms |
| infectious disease | disease caused by pathogenic (harmful) micro-organisms that enter the body; may or may not be spread from one person to another |
| to properly clean a tool you must | completely immersed, rinse, and dry |
| to properly disinfect a tool in the salon you must use a disinfectant that is | bactericidal, virucidal, fungicidal |
| Bactericidal | capable of destroying bacteria |
| virucidal | capable of destroying viruses |
| fungicidal | capable of destroying molds and fungi |
| Salon tools must be cleaned and disinfected after | every service |
| Bacteria | single-celled micro-organisms that have both plant and animal characteristics; some are harmful some are harmless |
| where can bacteria live | on skin, in water, in the air, in decayed matter, on environmental surfaces, in body secretions, on clothing, under the free edge of nails. |
| two types of bacteria | pathogenic and nonpathogenic |
| pathogenic bacteria | harmful micro-organisms that can cause disease or infection in humans when they invade the body |
| non pathogenic bacteria | harmless organisms that may perform useful functions |
| inflammations may be characterized by | redness, heat, pain, and swelling |
| pus | a fluid created by an infection, that contains white blood cells, bacteria, and dead cells |
| the presence of pus can be a sign of | bacterial infection |
| local infection | an infection, such as a pimple or abscess, that is confined to a particular part of the body and appears as a lesion containing pus. |
| systematic infection | infection that affects the body as a whole, often due to under functioning or over-functioning of internal glands or organs. |
| ? are among the most common bacteria that can affect humans | staphylococci |
| in the salon, staph is spread through | skin to skin contact, pedicure bowls, or use of unclean tools or implements |
| MRSA is a staph infection that occurs in people with | a weakened immune system or that have undergone medical procedures |
| MRSA first appears as a ? resulting in pimples, rashes, or boils and it can be difficult to cure | skin infection |
| contagious disease | also known as communicable disease; disease that is capable of being spread from one person to another |
| common contagious dieaseas in a salon | common cold, ringworm, conjunctivitis (pink eye) and viral infections |
| the most common way diseases spread is by | dirty hands |
| mycobacterium | large family of bacteria that is often found in soil and water |
| mycobacterium is found in the | pedicure bowl |
| virus | a submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in the cells of a biological organism |
| can you see a virus | no |
| why cant you see a virus | they can only be seen under the most sophisticated and powerful microscopes |
| viruses that plague humans | measles, mumps, chickenpox, smallpox, rabies, yellow fever, hepatitis, polio, influenza, HIV (causes AIDS) |
| how does a virus live and reproduce | only by taking over other cells and becoming a part of them |
| cannot be treated with antibiotics | viral infections |
| what can prevent a virus from being contracted and spread? (inncoulations) | vaccinations |
| clean | mechanical process where you scrub the surface with soap and water to eliminate any dirt, debris, and disease-causing germs |
| cleaning is something cosmetologists are required to do before | disinfecting |
| sanitizing | chemical process to reduce the number of disease-causing germs on surfaces; cleaning |
| disinfection | the chemical process that destroys harmful organisms including bacteria, viruses, and fungi on surfaces |
| four principles and practices for infection control | disease, infection, cleaning, disinfect |
| federal agencies set guidelines for the | manufacture, sale, and use of chemicals, ingredients, equipment, and safety in the workplace |
| state agencies regulate | licensing, enforcement, and conduct |
| OSHA | occupational safety and health administration |
| who created OSHA | department of labor |
| how many categories do safety data sheets have | sixteen |
| OSHA standards address issues relating to the | handling, mixing, storing, and disposing or products |
| manufacturers must supply a ? for all chemical products manufactured and sold | safety data sheet |
| Job of EPA | register all chemical disinfectants |
| EPA | environmental protection agency |
| disinfectants | Chemical products that destroy most bacteria (excluding spores), fungi, and viruses on surfaces. |
| nonporous surface | an item of a material that has no pores or openings and cannot absorb liquids |
| disease | any abnormal condition of all or part of the body, its systems, or its organs that makes the body incapable of carrying on normal functions. |
| infection | The invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogens. |
| state regulatory agencies include | licensing agencies, state boards, commissions, health departments |
| an agency can issue penalties against both the | owners and beauty professionals |
| laws determine | the scope of practice and establish guidelines for regulatory agencies to make rules |
| laws are also called | statutes |
| who writes the rules | the regulatory agency or the state board |
| rules determine | how the law must be applied and establish specific standards of conduct |
| can rules be changed | yes they can be changed or updated frequently |
| all pathogens are different in terms of where they reside and how they ? humans | infect |
| transmission | the process by which pathogens move between individuals and objects |
| three types of transmission | direct, indirect, airborne and respiratory droplet |
| direct transmission | Transmission of pathogens through touching, kissing, coughing, sneezing, and talking. |
| indirect transmission | occurs through contact with an intermediate contaminated object |
| airborne transmission | occurs when a pathogen living in our respiratory tract is expelled through coughing, sneezing, or even talking |
| respiratory droplets are ? particles that ? suspended in the air for long | large; do not stay |
| airborne particles are ? and ?, allowing them to hang in the air ? and allowing the pathogen to spread ? | much smaller; dryer; longer; further |
| these are capable of forming a protective coating that allows them to withstand very harsh environments. they will shed the coating when conditions are favorable | bacterial spores |
| The most advanced type of these disinfectant solutions is | multiple quats |
| quat | disinfectant that is very effective when used properly on nonporous surfaces |
| tuberculosis | disease caused by a bacterium that is transmitted through coughing or sneezing. |
| some tuberculocidal disinfectants can be harmful to the | environment and the skin and eyes |
| powerful tuberculocidal disinfectants | phenolic disinfectants |
| household bleach is called 5.25 percent | sodium hypochlorite |
| fresh bleach should be mixed | every 24 hours or when the solution has been contaminated |
| how often should you disinfect a doorknob | everyday |
| can a client file a lawsuit and hold you responsible if they are injured in a salon | yes |
| blood-borne pathogen | disease causing microorganisms that adhere to environmental surfaces, such as fluids, such as hepatitis and HIV |
| in the salon, how are blood-borne pathogens spread? | when the skin is broken |
| can a cosmetologist cut living skin? | use great care to avoid cutting or damaging the customer's skin during any type of service |
| what is Human papilloma virus (HPV) | a virus that can infect the bottom of the foot and resembles small black dots, usually in clustered groups; also a cutaneous viral infection commonly contracted through sexual transmission and exhibited by genital warts. |
| is HPV a common problem in the salon | yes |
| name two ways HPV is passed from person to person | directly, indirectly |
| what is hepatitis | A bloodborne virus that causes disease and can damage the liver |
| does hepatitis live outside of the body | Hepatitis can live on a surface outside the body for long periods of time. |
| what two things should you do to prevent the spread of hepatitis | cleaning, and disinfecting |
| HIV is the virus that causes | AIDS |
| AIDS | acquired immune deficiency syndrome |
| HIV is mainly spread through | blood |
| if you accidentally cut a client, the tool is now ? you cannot continue service without ? and disinfecting | contaminated; cleaning |
| fungi | single-celled organisms that grow in irregular masses and include molds, mildews, and yeasts; they can produce contagious diseases such as ringworm |
| is ringworm contagious | it is contagious |
| ringworm | a fungal infection of the skin that appears in circular lesions |
| does mildew cause human infections in the salon? | only affects plants cannot cause human infections in the salon |
| tinea barbae | superficial fungal infection resulting from hair services, it is found on the face or nape of the neck |
| tinea capitis | fungal infection of the scalp it looks like red papules or spots at the opening of hair follicles |
| parasite | organisms that grow, feed, and shelter on or inside another organism, while contributing nothing to the survival of that organism. Parasites must have a host to survive. |
| pediculosis capitis | infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice |
| scabies | a contagious skin disease that is caused by the itch mite, which burrows under the skin |
| can you treat parasites | should only be treated by a doctor |
| biofilm | colonies of microorganisms that adhere to environmental surfaces, as well as the human body |
| biofilm is hard to pierce with | antiseptics, antimicrobials and disinfectsion |
| biofilm will keep the body in a chronic | inflammatory state |
| biofilms play a large role in disease and infection | true |
| true benefit of hand washing comes from the | friction created by soap bubbles |
| antiseptics | chemical germicides formulated for use on skin; registered and regulated by the food and drug administration (FDA) |
| will hand sanitizers work if there is visible dirt/debris on the hands | hand sanitizers not antiseptics will work until the dirt/debris is removed |
| can an antiseptic disinfect an instrument or other surfaces | never use anantiseptic to disinfect instruments on other surfaces |
| name two more antiseptics you can use as cleaner | hydrogen peroxide, isopropyl alcohol |
| multi-use | also known as reusable; items that can be cleaned, disinfected, and used on more than one person, even if the item is accidentally exposed to blood or body fluid. |
| efficacy | the ability of a product to produce the intended effect; on a disinfectant label, it indicates specific pathogens destroyed or disabled when used properly. |
| implements must be ? in a disinfectant solution | thoroughly cleaned of all visible matter or residue before being placed |
| complete immersion | Complete immersion means there is enough liquid in the container to cover all surfaces of the item being disinfected, including the handles, for 10 minutes or for the time recommended by the manufacturer. |
Created by:
Jordanc1114