Question 1

Sahara

Accepted Answer

Location-Approximately 3.5 million square miles in North Africa, 
Description- Sand dunes cover 1/4 of the Sahara, rocky plains and mountains, and extremely dry.

Question 2

Sahel

Accepted Answer

Location- Southern edge of the Sahara, and merges into the Savanna.
 Description- Semi desert area, not as dry as Sahara, and small bushes and trees

Question 3

Savanna

Accepted Answer

Location- South of the Sahel
Description- Tall grasses and scattered trees, and long rainy seasons that grains grow there.

Question 4

Forest

Accepted Answer

Location- South of the savanna in southern part of Africa
Description- Wetter areas, woodland forest and rain forest, and rain falls year round.

Question 5

2. How did geography affect trade in West Africa?

Accepted Answer

Different resources are found in each vegetation zone. As a result, people living in the different zones had to trade to acquire items they could not get for themselves.

Question 6

1.Describing of earliest communities in West Africa.

Accepted Answer

An extended-family community might have had about 15 to 20 members. Family members worked together to clear the fields,  These small communities traded. Very likely, one of the male elders made decisions for the family

Question 7

2.Describe how the villages formed and increased  from the early communities for question 1.

Accepted Answer

Eventually, family-based communities joined together to form villages that might contain one- to two-hundred people. Extended families usually banded together in villages to get needed help.

Question 8

1. Describe how and why some villages became trading sites, and grew into larger cities.

Accepted Answer

-Villages located along rivers or other trade routes became trading sites.
-By taxing trade, villages became wealthy
-Wealth led to increase in population.

Question 9

2. Describe the process of smelting used by the Nok to make iron tools.

Accepted Answer

The process of melting ore to extract iron or other metals. The Nok used tons of charcoal to fuel their iron-smelting furnaces.

Question 10

3. How did the ability to make iron tools affect food production and the types of jobs that villagers performed in West Africa?

Accepted Answer

-Iron tools gave farmers opportunity to cultivate crops more efficiently
-Gave more food so larger villages could eat more and gave people more jobs .

Question 11

4. How did the location of Jenne-jeno cause it to become a large, busy city?

Accepted Answer

-Surrounded by 13 feet high walls.
- Gave the city more status and more travelers came in.
- Blacksmiths were the most respected in Jenne- jeno.

Question 12

1. Describe how and why some of the wealthiest cities were able to conquer more territory and become a kingdom.

Accepted Answer

-Rulers taxed goods that were traded in their cities.
-Used the wealth to raise large armies and they could conquer other cities and become more wealthier.
-As kings conquered more territory, kingdoms formed.

Question 13

2. What is a tribute? What does it mean when a conquered group paid tribute?

Accepted Answer

- Tribute was payment from a conquered group collected by the conquering ruler.
-Meant that the conquered people accepted the ruler's authority

Question 14

3. List at least one advantage and one disadvantage of being part of a kingdom.

Accepted Answer

Advantages: 1. Armies made sure trade routes were safe, 2. They kept out foreign armies and raiders, and 3. Wars between small cities ended.
Disadvantages: 1. People living in conquered areas had to pay tribute, and 2. men had to serve in the army.

Chapter 11

Early Societies In West Africa

Question	Answer
Section 1
1. Complete the table to describe the geographic regions of West Africa
Sahara	Location-Approximately 3.5 million square miles in North Africa, Description- Sand dunes cover 1/4 of the Sahara, rocky plains and mountains, and extremely dry.
Sahel	Location- Southern edge of the Sahara, and merges into the Savanna. Description- Semi desert area, not as dry as Sahara, and small bushes and trees
Savanna	Location- South of the Sahel Description- Tall grasses and scattered trees, and long rainy seasons that grains grow there.
Forest	Location- South of the savanna in southern part of Africa Description- Wetter areas, woodland forest and rain forest, and rain falls year round.
2. How did geography affect trade in West Africa?	Different resources are found in each vegetation zone. As a result, people living in the different zones had to trade to acquire items they could not get for themselves.
Section 2
1.Describing of earliest communities in West Africa.	An extended-family community might have had about 15 to 20 members. Family members worked together to clear the fields, These small communities traded. Very likely, one of the male elders made decisions for the family
2.Describe how the villages formed and increased from the early communities for question 1.	Eventually, family-based communities joined together to form villages that might contain one- to two-hundred people. Extended families usually banded together in villages to get needed help.
Section 3
1. Describe how and why some villages became trading sites, and grew into larger cities.	-Villages located along rivers or other trade routes became trading sites. -By taxing trade, villages became wealthy -Wealth led to increase in population.
2. Describe the process of smelting used by the Nok to make iron tools.	The process of melting ore to extract iron or other metals. The Nok used tons of charcoal to fuel their iron-smelting furnaces.
3. How did the ability to make iron tools affect food production and the types of jobs that villagers performed in West Africa?	-Iron tools gave farmers opportunity to cultivate crops more efficiently -Gave more food so larger villages could eat more and gave people more jobs .
4. How did the location of Jenne-jeno cause it to become a large, busy city?	-Surrounded by 13 feet high walls. - Gave the city more status and more travelers came in. - Blacksmiths were the most respected in Jenne- jeno.
Section 4
1. Describe how and why some of the wealthiest cities were able to conquer more territory and become a kingdom.	-Rulers taxed goods that were traded in their cities. -Used the wealth to raise large armies and they could conquer other cities and become more wealthier. -As kings conquered more territory, kingdoms formed.
2. What is a tribute? What does it mean when a conquered group paid tribute?	- Tribute was payment from a conquered group collected by the conquering ruler. -Meant that the conquered people accepted the ruler's authority
3. List at least one advantage and one disadvantage of being part of a kingdom.	Advantages: 1. Armies made sure trade routes were safe, 2. They kept out foreign armies and raiders, and 3. Wars between small cities ended. Disadvantages: 1. People living in conquered areas had to pay tribute, and 2. men had to serve in the army.
Done

"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries: