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Chemistry mid-term
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| intrinsic properties | will not change even of the amount of the substance changes - freezing point |
| example of intrinsic properties | the unknown powder was white |
| extrinsic properties | will change if the amount of the substance changes- length, mass, volume |
| example of extrinsic of properties | the mass of the unknown powder was 25g |
| what is an element | made of only one type of atom |
| what is a compound | two or more different atoms chemically combined |
| example of a compound | salt - NaCl |
| what is a mixture | combination of pure substances; physically separated back into their component parts |
| example of a mixture | liquid in babies bottle (compound, element, mixture) |
| homogeneous mixture | uniform throughout; if you take a sample away from the solution you will have the same mixture as the mixture you took it from |
| heterogeneous mixture | are not uniform throughout; will never be equal amounts of the substance in mixture |
| example of homogeneous | the liquid in babies bottle (homogeneous, heterogeneous) |
| example of heterogeneous | italian dressing and oil + water |
| physical properties | of a substance they are qualities that can be observed without changing the substance into something else - changes shape, size, and state |
| chemical properties | of a substance allows it to change its molecular composition (change from one substance to another) - a formation of a new substance with new properties |
| example of chemical properties | the unknown sold didn't react with vinegar |
| example of physical properties | the unknown was solid |
| to separate oil and water | density |
| separate sand and water | filter |
| how to determine energy levels | there are 7 energy levels and it goes by groups on the periodic table - group 6 = 6 energy levels |
| how to determine valence electrons | what period it is in determines it - period 1 = 1 valence electron |
| how to determine oxidation numbers | period 1 = 1+ etc.. once get to 4 go back down period 8 = 1- |
| how to determine atomic radius | gets higher as you go down toward the bottom left corner |
| how to determine ionization energy and electronegativity | increases as up go up toward the top right corner |
| traits of a covalent bond | nonmetal+nonmetal, shared electrons, doesn't conduct electricity, low melting point, less then 1.7 electronegaivity, |
| traits of a ionic bond | metal+nonmetal, greater than 1.7 electronegativity, doesn't conduct electricity as a solid, high melting point, brittle |
| trait of a metallic bond | metal+metal, shared electrons, conducts electricity, high melting point, malleable, ductile |
| polar | uneven; not equal (electronegitivity between 0.3- 1,7) |
| non-polar | even on all sides (electronegativity less than 0.3) |
| metallic bond | all positive ions and closely packed |
| ionic bond | crystal lattice |
| covalent bond | single connected |
Created by:
Megan16M
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