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Biomechanics Exam 1

Biomechanics

TermDefinition
statics study of systems in constant motion
dynamics study of systems in acceleration
kinematics study of appearance
kinetics study of actions of forces
qualitative pertaining to quality
quantitative involving numbers
cortical bone hard bone; 5-30% non-mineralized
trabecular bone soft bone; 30-90% non-mineralized
long bones act as levers
short bones shock absorbers
flat bones increase surface area for origins and insertions
irregular bones compression
sesamoid bones increase mechanical advantages of muscles
hematopoiesis process of blood cell formation in red bone marrow
linear motion motion along a line that may be straight or curved with all parts of the body moving in the same direction at the same speed
rectilinear motion motion along a straight light
curvilinear motion motion along a curved line
angular motion rotation around axis of rotation
general motion a combination of linear and angular motion components
circumduction combines flexion, extension, abduction, adduction
inertia tendency of a body to resist a change in its state of motion
mass quantity of matter composing a body
force push or pull acting on a body
free body diagram all of forces vectors acting on a system
net force single resultant force derived from the complication of all forces
center of gravity body's weight is equally balanced
weight gravitational force that earth exerts on a body
pressure force per unit of area over which force acts
volume amount of 3D space occupied by a body
density mass/volume
specific weight weight/volume
torque rotary effect of a force
impulse product of force and time over which the force acts
compression pressing or squeezing force directed axially through a body
tension pulling or stretching force directed axially through a body
shear force directed parallel to a surface
stress force distribution within a body when a external force acts on it
bending asymmetric loading that produces tension on one longitudinal axis and compression on the other
torsion load-producing twisting around longitudinal axis
deformation change in natural shape
repetitive loading repeated application of low magnitude
acute loading single force of high magnitude
vector physical quantities that have magnitude and direction
scalar physical quantities that have magnitude
vector composition process of determining 1 vector from 2+ vectors by vector addition
vector resolution 1 vector with 2 perpendicular vectors yield original vector
stiffness ratio of stress to strain in a loaded material
compressive strength ability to resist pressing or squeezing force
calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate What contributes to stiffness and compressive strength of bones?
collagen What contributes to flexibility and tensile strength of bone?
water content What contributes to bone strength?
cortical bone high mineralized connective tissue low porosity high stress; low strain
trabecular bone low mineralized connective tissue high porosity high strain; low stress
angisotropic different strength and stiffness in response to force in different directions
calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate mineralized aspect of bone
water and collagen non-mineralized aspect of bone
compressive stress What is bone strongest at resisting?
shear stress What is bone weakest at resisting?
axial skeleton skull, vertebrae, sternum, ribs
appendicular skeleton body appendages like arms and legs
bone atrophy decrease bone mass due to increase osteoclast activity
osteoporosis decreased bone mass and strength that causes pain and fracturing during daily activities
low energy menstrual dysfunction diminished bone mineral density What are the 3 factors of female athlete triad?
spiral fracture bending and torsional load on long bones
greenstick fracture incomplete fracture by bending and torsional load
stress reaction high magnitude or frequency of bone loading that involves microdamage
fissure incomplete longitudinal breadk
comminuted complete fracture of bone
transverse complete break at right angle to axis of bone
oblique angle not at a right angle to axis of bone
Created by: kwhite1313
 

 



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