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Chapter 1-8 Vocab
Vocab for Mid-term Exam
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Presupposition | Assumptions about the world based on their worldview |
| Model | Simplifies something in the world to explain, describe or represent it. |
| Qualitative data | Data in the form of words used to describe something |
| Quantitative data | Data in the form of numbers determined through measuring |
| Deductive reasoning | A statement that describes a recognizable, repeating pattern in nature |
| Theory | Offers an explanation of what we observe, a model |
| Law | Proceeds from general statements called premises to specific conclusions |
| Dependent variable | changes will occur because of changing a different variable |
| Independent variable | The variable that is purposely changed by a scientist |
| Variable | Factors that change |
| Intensive property | It doesn't matter how"much" of the substance is present |
| Extensive Property | Depends on the amount of substance present |
| Ductility | The ability to be drawn into thin wires |
| Malleability | When a substance can be hammered into thin sheets or shapes |
| Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space |
| Energy | The movement of an object, gas, or any type of atom within and outside of that thing |
| What is the formula for density? | mass/volume |
| 4 Types of Energy | Light, Sounds, Thermal, and Mechanical |
| Law of Conservation of Mass-Energy | Anything with mass and energy can neither be created nor destroyed. It just changes. |
| What is a mixture? | A mix of more than one element (Ex: granite) |
| What is a pure substance? | The same substance (Ex: gold) |
| Heterogeneous mixture | A mixture in which the composition is NOT uniform throughout the mixture (Ex: Vegetable Soup) |
| Homogeneous mixture | A mixture in which the composition IS uniform throughout the mixture (Ex: Salt water) |
| Second Law of Thermodynamics (the Law of Entropy) | The process of high entropy and minimum amount of usable energy |
| Heat | Measured as temperature, heat is the amount of thermal energy something has |
| Measurement | The act of comparing an unknown quantity to a standard unit |
| Dimension | Only those that are known for certain plus one estimated digit |
| Accuracy | A numerical evaluation of how close to measured value is to the actual or accepted value of the dimension measured |
| Precision | Indicated how repeatable the measurement is or how exactly one can make a measurement |
| Significant Digits | Measurable quantities |
| Who was the first the state that matter is made of separate, discrete particles? | Democritus |
| Who discovered the neutron? | Chadwick |
| Who suggested principal energy levels? | Bohr |
| Who discovered the electron? | Thomson |
| Who discovered the nucleus? | Rutherford |
| Who used the science of spectroscopy to help make his discoveries? | Bohr |
| Who came up with the first experimental model of an atom? | Dalton |
| Who discovered the proton? | Rutherford |
| An atoms's lowest energy state is called the... | Ground state |
| What state that it is impossible to know both the energy and the exact position of an electron at the same time? | Heisenberg principle |
| What states the arrangement of elections in an atom is determined by adding electrons to an atom with a lower atomic number? | Aufbau principle |
| All atoms of the same element have the same... | Number of protons |
| Does and atom lose electron when the overall atomic charge with be negative? | No |
| What is the total charge of the nucleus of a bromine atom? | +35 |
| Determine the number of neutrons in an atom of krypton? | 48 |
| What subatomic number of neutrons is not located in the nucleus? | Electron |
| The number of neutrons are determined by... | The mass number minus atomic number |
| Is the number of electrons determined by the atomic mass? | No |
| How many electrons are in oxygen? | +16 |
| Who developed the Modern Periodic Law? | Moseley |
| Who developed the modern periodic table? | Mendeleev |
| Who fist used the term "elements" for substances that can't be broken down? | Lavoiser |
| Who organized a chart by atomic mass? | Lavosiser |
| What are man-made elements called? | Transuranium elemenets |
| Atomic number | Number of protons and electrons |
| Atomic mass | Number of neutrons+protons |
| Group or family | Vertical column |
| Period or series | A row |
| What share the properties of both metals and nonmetals? | Metalloids |
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