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Crime of 1873
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1874 Greenback Party forms
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APUSH 6.13
topic 6.13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Crime of 1873 | Congress stopped coining silver in the “Crime of 1873”→silver strikes in Nevada→demand to start using silver again to expand money supply |
| 1874 Greenback Party forms | 1860s, money not backed by specie issued as emergency measure→N. Farmers got high prices for war, prospering→Specie Resumption Act withdrew them as creditors & investors thought it violated natural law→Greenback Party formed, who supported the money |
| 1878 Bland Allison Law | passed over Hayes’ veto Limited coinage $2-4 million in silver each month at the standard silver-to-gold ratio of 16 to 1. This didn’t satisfy farmers and others, pushing for unlimited coinage |
| Mugwumps | those who did not do patronage; made fun of for sitting on the fence with mugs and wumps on different sides |
| Party Patronage | game of winning elections, and giving govt jobs to supporters Stalwarts-led by Rep. Senator Roscoe COnkling in NY Customs House Halfbreeds-rivals of Stalwarts, led by Rep. James G. Blaine |
| 1881 | In the Election of 1880, the Halfbreed James A. Garfield won, and mostly gave jobs to his “faction”→a Stalwart officer in 1881 shot him while he was boarding a train for summer vacation |
| 1883 Pendleton Act | made Civil Service Commission, people competed w/ exam scores for jobs+kept civil servants from making political contributions→politicians switched getting sponsored by party members to by the rich |
| Election of 1888 | Republicans won the electoral vote, unusually controlling presidency & both houses for next two years |
| 1890 | Republicans passed unpopular legislation-prohibiting alcohol & laws making business close on SUnday→voters who were not Anglo-SAxon or Protestant reelected Democrats in Elections of 1890 |
| Omaha Platform | Direct popular election of Senators vs by state legislature Initiatives & referendums allowing people to directly vote on legislation Unlimited silver coinage Graduated income tax-higher income, higher tax paid 8hr workday for industrial workers |
| Republican Supporters | often waved the “bloody shirt” to get votes from veterans, reminding how Lincoln was killed by a Democrat Hamiltonian, Whig ideas→pro-business w/ high tariff Middle class, reformers, Anglo-Saxon PRotestants, African-Americans |
| Democrat Supporters | Catholics, Lutherans, Jews who objected temperance * other mvmts, northern support from political machines & immigrants Jeffersonian ideas→states’ rights & limiting govt power |
| McKinley Tariff Act of 1890 | ↑tariff to peacetime high of 48% |
| Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 | first attempt to regulate big business, imposing strict fines for now illegal trusts |
| Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890 | silver strikes in Nevada→↑coinage of silver, not enough for farmers or miners though |
| Gold Bug Democrats | those who split and made the National Democratic Party or voted Republican because they favored the gold standard, loyal to Cleveland |
| 1892 Populist Party forms based on Omaha Platform | Growing Southern & Western agrarian discontent→farmers’ ALliances met in Omaha, Nebraska in 1892: Omaha Platform |
| Election of 1896 | WIlliam Jennings Bryan was elected for his “Cross of Gold” Speech by prosilver Democrats, going for an unlimited silver coinage of 16:1→the Populist’s main issue was taken over |
| Election of 1896 Pt 2 | Republicans elected WIlliam McKinley of Ohio & Marcus(Mark) Hanna(financial power behind McKinley’s nomination), running for a ↑tariff & blaming Democrats for Panic of 1893 |
| Election of 1896 Pt 3 | Hanna did most of the campaigning, funded by big business leaders who feared “silver lunacy” inflation Bryan used charisma, traveling nationwide & giving 600+ speeches Silver votes split between Populists & Democrats |
| Election of 1896 Pt 4 | Bryan's support died out since: Wheat prices↑, farmers less desperate Employers said factories will close if Bryan won |
| Impacts of Election of 1896 | THe Election of 1896 was a win for the big business, conservative economic, & middle class values, and rural American identity’s last hurrah for yeomanism |
| Mckinley's Luck | McKinley was lucky to get into office during economic revival-gold strikes in 1897, Alaska, ↑money supply, inflation, and the stock market-he was the leader during the SPanish-American war |
| Impacts of Election of 1896 Part 2 | Republicans dominant in 7/9 prez elections & both houses 17/20 next sessions→Democrats were a defeated, sectionalist host of remaining Populism, which declined after 1896→in the Progressive era(1900-17), both parties took on parts of the Populist agenda |
Created by:
L.D