National Labor Union formed, but lost members after Panic of 1873

Standards of living rise

Rise of mass production→prices on many common items decreased→real wages for workers did rise a little→more goods and services available to working class

Knights of Labor founded, for no child labor, no monopolies, 8-hour work days, ability to organize→went public in 1881→supported all workers, black, women, and unskilled and skilled

Great Railroad Strike of 1877

railroad companies cut wages to save money during a recession→strike spread to 11 states and shut down 60%+ of nation’s railroads→violence broke out, and prez. Hayes sent federal troops to restore order→100 died, and this brought recognition to unions

celebrating the May-Day labor movement, members gathered in peaceful protest→a bomb exploded. Later found to be an anarchist likely unrelated to KOL→people associate bombing, radical actions to labor unions though, and they all start losing members

Homestead Strike of 1892

Henry Frick, mngr of Homestead steel mill, cut wages→ “Fort Frick” went on lockout→Pinkertons hired to strikebreak, surrender to worker fire→hiring strikebreakers outlawed in 26 states, but the way workers beat up the Pinkertons lost the union support

Pullman Strike of 1894

Due to Panic of 1893, Pullman, owner of railcar co. cut wages, fired unionists→Eugene V. Debs said to not work on trains w/ Pullman cars→Pullman cars put on trains w/ federal mail→Debs and other leaders arrested for hindering federally authorized trains

Anti-Union Techniques

Lockout-closes factory to prevent organizing Blacklists w/ names of pro-Union workers Yellow-Dog Contracts-said workers can't join union Strikebreakers/scabs-people desperate for jobs who would gladly take place of a striker and stop their strike also

Conspicuous Consumption

Excessive consumption, often by wealthy to show off how rich they were

Biltmore House; 175K sq ft floor space, 35 bedrooms, 43 bathrooms, Vanderbilt’s vacation home

Effects of Panics of 1873 & 1893

Impoverished working class saw wages drop

American Federation of Laborers-represented skilled laborers only, had a million members→efforts don't work until later though, led by Samuel Gompers

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APUSH 6.7

topic 6.7

Question	Answer
1866	National Labor Union formed, but lost members after Panic of 1873
Standards of living rise	Rise of mass production→prices on many common items decreased→real wages for workers did rise a little→more goods and services available to working class
1869	Knights of Labor founded, for no child labor, no monopolies, 8-hour work days, ability to organize→went public in 1881→supported all workers, black, women, and unskilled and skilled
Great Railroad Strike of 1877	railroad companies cut wages to save money during a recession→strike spread to 11 states and shut down 60%+ of nation’s railroads→violence broke out, and prez. Hayes sent federal troops to restore order→100 died, and this brought recognition to unions
1886 Haymarket Riot	celebrating the May-Day labor movement, members gathered in peaceful protest→a bomb exploded. Later found to be an anarchist likely unrelated to KOL→people associate bombing, radical actions to labor unions though, and they all start losing members
Homestead Strike of 1892	Henry Frick, mngr of Homestead steel mill, cut wages→ “Fort Frick” went on lockout→Pinkertons hired to strikebreak, surrender to worker fire→hiring strikebreakers outlawed in 26 states, but the way workers beat up the Pinkertons lost the union support
Pullman Strike of 1894	Due to Panic of 1893, Pullman, owner of railcar co. cut wages, fired unionists→Eugene V. Debs said to not work on trains w/ Pullman cars→Pullman cars put on trains w/ federal mail→Debs and other leaders arrested for hindering federally authorized trains
Anti-Union Techniques	Lockout-closes factory to prevent organizing Blacklists w/ names of pro-Union workers Yellow-Dog Contracts-said workers can't join union Strikebreakers/scabs-people desperate for jobs who would gladly take place of a striker and stop their strike also
Conspicuous Consumption	Excessive consumption, often by wealthy to show off how rich they were
1895	Biltmore House; 175K sq ft floor space, 35 bedrooms, 43 bathrooms, Vanderbilt’s vacation home
Effects of Panics of 1873 & 1893	Impoverished working class saw wages drop
by 1901	American Federation of Laborers-represented skilled laborers only, had a million members→efforts don't work until later though, led by Samuel Gompers

Created by: L.D

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