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APUSH 6.4
topic 6.4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The New South | Henry Grady-editor of the Atlanta Constitution coined the term New South; editorials that said the South had lost the war because it wasn’t industrialized-it should be like the North(capitalism, internal improvements) |
| Examples of Success(CHANGES) | Burmingham, Alabama-one of nation’s leading steel producers, Memphis, Tennessee-center of growing lumber industry, Richmond, Virginia-former Confederate capital, to capital of tobacco industry, By 1900-400 cotton mills with up to 100K white workers |
| Examples of Limitations(CONTINUITIES) | fields continued to grow, and they needed workers, which came in the form of sharecropping→by 1900, Northern investors controlled Southern steel, while Northern financing dominated the section |
| Sharecropping Unfairness(Continuities) | Credit shortage forced to borrow supplies from local merchants Contractor often set debts higher than they actually were Basically indebted serfs→by 1900, more than half of whites & more than ¾ of black farmers were tenants of small 15-20 acre plots |
| Poor Whites & Poor Blacks Farmers Organizations(Continuities for farming, Changes for farmers alliances forming during the period) | By 1890, the Farmers’ Southern Alliance had more than 1M members, Colored Farmers’ National Alliance had about 250K |
| Causes of failure to industrialize | Poor education-late 1800s, S. political leaders provided little support for education of poor whites and blacks Late start-only a small number of Southerners had the technical skills needed, and the S failed to invest in technical schools like the North |
| Compromise of 1877(Cause of southern continuities) | Hayes becomes president, but Democrats make him remove federal troops from South>no more enforcement of Reconstruction>segregation becomes stronger |
| Jim Crow Laws/Racism(CONTINUITIES IN HISTORY) | Jim Crow laws segregate public facilities like bathrooms, and hate groups disenfranchised African Americans, causing many to migrate to urban areas |
| Plessy v Ferguson 1896 | Homer Plessy, African American, defied 1890 Separate Car Act→got on train in N. Orleans, said he wasn't white, refused to move to a section for freedmen→Supreme Court ruled that if the conditions of the sections were equal, then segregation was legal |
| Plessy v. Ferguson Facts & Impacts | Plessy was ⅞ white, and ⅛ black-white supremacy continued as part of the South’s identity The 14th Amendment, equal protection under the law, was bypassed with segregation of society |
| 1890s Racism(CONTINUITIES IN HISTORY) | Blacks were often lynched without being able to go to court when accused, forbidden to serve on juries, or run for public office |
| Ida B. Wells | editor of black newspaper in the South, arguing against lynching and Jim Crow Laws→a mob destroyed her presses and she continued after fleeing to the North |
| Henry Turner | founded International Migration Society in 1894-helped African Americans to Africa-specifically Liberia→usually unsustainable, suffered from African diseases and lacked economic opportunity |
| Booker T. Washington | controversial one, said that instead of fighting on a political level, blacks needed to work to gain economic influence and work up to political level |
| Examples of disenfranchisement of freedmen | white primaries-parties only for whites, literacy tests, poll taxes, grandfather clauses |
| Civil Rights Cases of 1883 | the Court ruled that Congress could not legislate against racial discrimination practice by private citizens, which included railroads, hotels and other businesses. |
Created by:
L.D