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APUSH Vocab (1/20)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| American Federation of Labor | Only accepted craft unions (skilled, white workers), mostly concerned with labor issues (wages, hours, benefits) sought only to achieve higher wages, minimize working hours, and improve working conditions rather than transform American society. |
| Jim Crow | Essentially black codes under a new name; stated laws for racial segregation. |
| Trust | Used to eliminate competition in business. One powerful company will have control of the stocks of many smaller companies in the same line of business, creating a monopoly. |
| Vertical Integration | Single company controls all steps in the process of a product (Carnegie). |
| Robber Barons | Derogatory term used to refer to the industrialists and bankers of late 1800s who placed profits over public interests by monopolizing power. |
| John D. Rockefeller | Founder of the Standard Oil Company, became one of the world’s wealthiest men and a major philanthropist. |
| Cornelius Vanderbilt | Shipping and railroad tycoon; a self-made multi-millionaire who became one of the wealthiest Americans of the 19th century. |
| Standard Oil | By journalist Ida Tarbell, an exposé about the Standard Oil Company, example of muckraking, and inspired many other journalists to write about trusts, large businesses that. |
| Haymarket Square Riot | Crowd met after police fired at protesters, bomb exploded, killing or injuring many of the police, which promoted anti-union and antiimmigrant feelings. |
| Monopoly | The exclusive possession or control of the supply of or trade in a commodity or service. |
| Knights of Labor | Industrial union that accepted membership from most trades as well as race, religion, and sex (grew rapidly) very welcoming, wanted unity and rights for all. Haymarket Riot severely damaged membership and reputation. |
| Pullman Strike | Eugene Debs led this. Due to poor wages for Pullman workers and a shutdown of western railroads as a response, workers for the Pullman Palace Car Company in Chicago went on strike. President Cleveland ordered federal troops stop the riot; several killed. |
| Gilded Age | A period of economic growth as the United States jumped to the lead in industrialization ahead of Britain. The nation was rapidly expanding its economy into new areas, especially heavy industry like factories, railroads, and coal mining. |
| Horatio Alger | An American author who wrote young adult novels about impoverished boys and their rise from humble backgrounds to lives of middle-class security and comfort through good works. "Rags-to-riches." |
| The Gospel of Wealth | The rich are obligated to help the lower class. |
| Horizontal Integration | Merging one or more companies of the same business activity, keeps prices low since you own those companies. |
| Social Darwinism | You are rich because you are meant to live, natural selection. |
| Andrew Carnegie | An American industrialist who amassed a fortune in the steel industry then became a major philanthropist. |
| The "New South" | Southerners who wanted to promote economic change used this term, wanted industrialization. |
| Thomas Edison | A prolific inventor and savvy businessman who was the driving force behind such innovations as the phonograph, the incandescent light bulb, the alkaline battery and one of the earliest motion picture cameras. |
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nd_17