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Physics Semester 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| List the Scientific Method (6 steps) | 1) Identify the purpose/problem/objective 2) Research 3) Hypothesis = testable, educated guess 4) Data Analysis 5) Conclusion |
| Independent Variable | Variable that are changed by the scientist |
| Dependent Variable | Respond to the change in the IV |
| Constant | Factor that does not changed |
| Control | Constant that is not being tested, but used for comparison instead |
| When do we use a model? | When something is too…. - big - small - far - dangerous |
| Accuracy | How close (correct) the data is to the true value |
| Precision | How consistent your data is |
| What number are significant? | - All non-zero digits - 0 b/w sig. figures - 0 with a line over them - 0 at the end of a number w/ decimal point * zero before or after a number (w/out decimal point) are not significant |
| Displacement | |
| The change in position of an object - vector ΔX = X final - X initial Unit: meter (m) | |
| Distance | How far an object travel -scalar Unit: meter (m) |
| Speed | How fast an object travel - scalar Vavg = Σd/Σt Unit: m/s |
| Velocity | The rate of change of position - vector Vavg = ΔX/ΔT = (X final - X initial)/(t final - t initial) Unit: m/s |
| Average Acceleration | How quickly the velocity change or the rate of change of the velocity - vector aavg = ΔV/ΔT = (V final - V initial)/(t final - t initial) Unit: m/s/s or m / s^2 |
| If the acceleration is + and the object direction is also +, then the object is ….(velocity)…. | Speeding up |
| If the acceleration is + but the object direction is -, then the object is ….(velocity)…. | Slowing down |
| If the acceleration is - and the object direction is also -, then the object is ….(velocity)…. | Speeding up |
| If the acceleration is - but the object direction is +, then the object is ….(velocity)…. | Slowing down |
| Acceleration is ….. for kinematic equation. | Constant/uniform |
| Free-Fall & Gravitational Constant | Objects regardless of their mass “fall” at the same acceleration (g) in the absence of air near the Earth’s surface b/c the only force acting on the object is the force of gravity & ay or g = - 9.8 m/s^2 ≈ - 10 m/s^2 |
| Force | A push or pull that cause changes in the velocity, which mean there is acceleration Unit: Newton (N), (kg*m)/s^2, |
| Mass | The amount of matter (atoms) an object has - mass + weight do not change if object in vacuum or if it speed change |
| Inertia | The resistance to changes in motion - ⬆️ inertia = ⬆️ mass |
| Weight | The force acting on an object due to gravity Forces of gravity (Fg) = W = mg Unit: N |
| Newton’s 1st Law of Motion (or Law of Inertia) | An object at rest will stay at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion in a straight line at a constant speed (aka constant velocity or a = 0 m/s^2) unless a net force (unbalance force) acts on it. |
| Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion | Fnet = m x a Unit: N - The net force and the acceleration have a direct relationship - The mass and the acceleration have an inverse relationship |
| Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion | Every action (force) has an equal and opposite reaction (force); action - reaction pair F12 = - F21 |
| Friction | The resistance that one object/surface encounter when sliding against each other; resistance act opposite to a sliding motion F = un |
| Force Diagram | Show the direction + magnitude of all forces being apply on everything. |
| Free-body Diagram | Show the direction and magnitude of all forces being apply on 1 object. |
| Contact force | A force that applied on an object when being in touch w/ another object. |
| Field force | Force on an object w/out the need for contact/touch ex. gravity |
| Tension | Force that transmit through a rope, string, or wire when stretch under applied force - the force will point away from the mass in the direction of the string |
| Normal force | Force that surface exert to prevent solid object from passing through each other - force is always perpendicular to the contact surface |
| Static Friction | Is the force of friction on an object that is not moving ex. you bush a block and it doesn’t move b/c it is being held by static friction, which is equal to your push |
| Kinetic Friction | Is the force of friction when there is relative motion between the surfaces |
| Work | Force multiplied by the parallel displacement - scalar W = FII x d = Fdcosθ Unit: Nm or Joule (J) |
| Power | The rate of energy transfer or the rate at which work is done P = net work/time = mgh/t or P = force x constant speed Unit: J/s, watt (w), horse power (hp) |
| Kinetic Energy (Type of Mechanical Energy) | Energy of motion KE = 1/2mv^2 Unit: J |
| Potential Energy (Type of Mechanical Energy) & What are the 2 types of PE? | Energy of Position - Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE) = mgh - Elastic Potential Energy (EPE) = 1/2kd^2 Unit: J |
| Centripetal Force | A force that make a body/object follow a curve path -> Uniform Circular Motion - inward direction - Fc = friction Fc = m x ac = mv^2/r Unit: N |
| Centripetal Acceleration | The acceleration of a body traveling in a circular path - inward direction ac = v^2/r Unit: m/s^2 |
| Tangential Velocity | Linear speed of an object moving along a circular path - outward direction or direction is perpendicular to the Fc V = 2πr / T (T - time to complete 1 cycle in second) Unit: m/s |
Created by:
ForStudy2
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