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Micro Ch 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Unlike the term microorganism, the word microbe also includes ____. | Viruses |
| Which defines spontaneous generation? | Life arose form non-living matter |
| In 1749, John Needham produced results that _____ spontaneous generation when he showed that broths that had been boiled and sealed with a cork ____. | Support; could still give rise to microorganisms. |
| Why were Louis Pasteur's experiments with swan-necked flasks so important in helping disprove the theory of spontaneous generation? | They ended arguments that a "vital force" was necessary for spontaneous generation, while preventing contamination from microbes in the air. |
| what is heat resistant bacteria? | Endospores |
| Viruses are not microorganisms because ____. | They are not composed of cells. |
| The principle that microorganisms cause certain diseases is called the ____. | Germ Theory of Disease |
| The work of John Tyndall and Ferdinand Cohn _____. | Explained why some spontaneous generation investigators got different results from those of Pasteur. |
| A testable explanation for an observation is ____. | Hypothesis |
| What is true about microorganisms? | We could not survive without them. |
| What is not a benefit to normal microbiota? | They damage host tissue, allowing our immune system to rid the body of microbes. |
| "Old Friends" hypothesis suggests ____. | Early exposure to certain microorganisms helps protect individuals from allergies, asthma, and some other diseases. |
| Two meanings of microbiome: | 1. The total genetic content of a microbial community. 2. The microbial community itself |
| Describe the cultivation of microorganisms in the lab: | Less than 1% of microorganisms can be cultivated. |
| Organisms that populate the human body and which protect it from disease: | Normal microbiota |
| What group includes member that can convert N2 into proteins and nucleic acids? | Microbes. (nitrogen fixation) |
| True or False: Without microorganisms, we would run out of certain nutrients, | True |
| The Human Microbiome Project _____. | Used DNA sequencing to characterize microbial communities that inhibit the human body. |
| What is the bacteria added to some fermented milk products? | Probiotics |
| The other 99% of microorganisms in lab come from ____. | DNA Sequencing |
| The use of microorganisms hasten the degradation of harmful chemicals is called ____. | Bioremediation |
| What is an example of bioremediation? | Using microbe to break down oil after a spill in the ocean. |
| What is biotechnology? | The use of microorganism to solve practical problems. |
| Why do microorganisms serve as important models for study of higher organisms? | Microorganisms have the same fundamental metabolic and genetic properties as other organisms. |
| What are disease causing organisms? | Pathogens |
| What animals contributed to the swine fever, chytridiomycosis, and foot-and-mouth disease? | Swine fever: Pigs Foot-and-mouth: Cattle Chytridiomycosis: Frogs |
| What is not true of smallpox? | It is caused by bacteria. |
| What is the plague? | A bacterial disease that can be transmitted by fleas. |
| What is an emerging infectious disease? | Incidence has rapidly increased in the last several decades. |
| What cells do not have a membrane-bound nucleus | Prokaryotic Cells |
| Organisms are: | Classified in three domains. (bacteria, eukarya, archaea) |
| What is the only shared feature of all microbes? | Small size |
| What is true regarding all prokaryotes? | Lack a nucleus. |
| Membrane-bound organelle that are only found in cell types: | Eukaryotic |
| What is true about the three domains? | Eukarya can be unicellular or multicellular, but archaea and bacteria are unicellular. |
| What is the domain of organisms whose cells have a nucleus and various organelles? | Eukarya |
| The rigid cell walls that most bacteria have: | Peptidoglycan |
| A bacterium that is pleomorphic is one that _____. | Exists in different shapes |
| Most bacteria divide by a process called ____ ____, in which one cell enlarges and then divides. | Binary Fission |
| Bacteria shapes | Sphere: Coccus Cylindrical: Bacillus (rod) Short and curved: Vibrio Curved and long: Spirillum |
| Which are eukaryotes? | Algae, Helminths, Protozoa, Fungi |
| What are multicellular parasites such as roundworm or tapeworm? | Helminths |
| The microbial world that includes three main agents that cannot reproduce independently and are thus considered non-living: | Viruses, Viroids, Prions |
Created by:
callie.nelson