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Chemical Reactions
Storyline Unit #2~Chemical Reactions + Energy
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| matter | something that occupies space and has mass can be a solid, liquid or a gas |
| atom | the smallest unit of an element |
| molecule | made up of one or more atom |
| element | a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances made up of only one type of atom |
| substance | Made from different types of atoms which combine with one another in various ways Has specific properties Every pure element is a substance Every pure compound is a substance |
| compound | when two or more elements combine |
| mixture | When two or more substances are mixed together There can be a mixture of elements, a mixture of compounds or a mixture of elements and compounds |
| mass | The amount of matter that makes something up |
| temperature | Measure of the average kinetic energy of particles of matter |
| kinetic energy | The energy of movement |
| potential energy | stored energy |
| thermal energy | The total kinetic energy of an object’s molecules or atoms Also known as heat energy |
| energy transfer | The conversion of one form of energy to another Energy can be transferred in various ways, between objects and systems |
| phase change | When matter changes from one state (solid, liquid, gas) to another |
| chemical reaction | The atoms that make up the original substances are regrouped into different molecules, creating new substances These new substances have different properties from those of the reactants |
| property | A characteristic of a substance that remains the same no matter the amount Different substances have different properties Examples include: color, odor, flammability, solubility |
| reactant | A substance that takes part in and is changed by a chemical reaction |
| product | A substance that results from a chemical reaction |
| chemical formula | Symbols used by scientists to show the number and type of atoms that make up a substance |
| heat | Refers to the energy transferred due to the temperature difference between two objects |
| particle model | A model that shows the arrangement and movement of atoms and/or molecules |
| conservation of matter | During a chemical reaction, the total number of each type of atom stays the same, thus the mass doesn’t change |
| criteria | The requirements a design needs to meet to be considered successful |
| constraint | The things that can and cannot be done The limits set on a design |
| system | A group of related parts that make up a whole and can carry out functions its individual parts cannot |
| open system | Matter can get in and out of it through openings in the system |
| closed system | No matter can get in or out of the system |
| endothermic | energy transfers from the surroundings to this type of chemical reaction; energy enters the reaction system; these reactions feel cold |
| exothermic | this type of chemical reaction transfers energy to the surroundings; energy exits the reaction system; these reactions feel warm |
| optimal | best or ideal |
| stakeholder | people, groups, or things that are impacted by design decisions because they have an interest in or concern about something; some stakeholders have certain needs while others need something else; people are called “stakeholders” because they all have a “stake” in what design solutions might work best for them and their community |
| trade-off | when one decision directly affects another decision, and you can’t do both things |
Created by:
ktipton
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