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Nervous System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the network of nerve cells and fibers that transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body. | The Nervous System |
| What are the two types of cells in the nervous system? | Neurons and Glial Cells |
| Individual cells in the nervous system that receive, integrate, and transmit information. | Neurons |
| cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons | Glial Cells |
| consists of the brain and spinal cord | Central Nervous System |
| The mass of nerve tissue that is the main control center of the nervous system | Brain |
| a major part of the central nervous system which conducts sensory and motor nerve impulses to and from the brain | Spinal Cord |
| protects the brain | Skull |
| three layers of connective tissue in which the brain and spinal cord are wrapped | Meninges |
| Fluid found within subarachnoid space of brain and spinal cord. | Cerebrospinal Fluid |
| Outermost layer of the meninges | Dura Mater |
| weblike middle layer of the three meninges | Arachnoid Mater |
| thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges | Pia Mater |
| How many segments are in the spinal cord? | 31 |
| the sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body | Peripheral Nervous System |
| How many pairs of nerves are in the PNS | 43 |
| the voluntary system that can be controlled consciously. | Somatic Nervous System |
| the involuntary system and controls unconscious impulses. | Autonomic Nervous System |
| The part of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body to deal with perceived threats. | Sympathetic Division |
| A branch of the autonomic nervous system that maintains normal body functions/ calms the body; rest and digest | Parasympathetic Division |
| neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands | Motor Neurons |
| neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord | Sensory Neurons |
| Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information. | Dendrites |
| Largest part of a typical neuron; contains the nucleus and much of the cytoplasm | Cell body |
| Control center of the cell | Nucleus |
| a part of a neuron that carries impulses away from the cell body | Axons |
| A layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the next. | Myelin Sheath |
| Gaps in the myelin sheath to which voltage-gated sodium channels are confined. | Nodes of Ranvier |
| Branches at the end of the axon that contain tiny pouches, or sacs, called synaptic vesicles. | Axon Terminals |
| Help make the myelin sheaths | Oligodendrocytes |
| connects nerves to blood cells | Astrocytes |
| Very small cells that maintain homeostasis, clear debris, keep the cell healthy, etc. | Microglial Cells |
| the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron | Synapse |
| Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production | Mitochondria |
| A membrane bound sac that contains the neurotransmitter. | Vesicle |
| a gap into which neurotransmitters are released from the axon terminal | Synaptic Cleft |
| A small area on the dendrite that receives the signal from the other neuron | Receptor |
| chemical messenger of the nervous system | Nerotransmitter |
| A substance that slows down or stops a chemical reaction | Inhibitor |
| class of drugs used to relieve anxiety by limiting reuptake of a neurotransmitter | SSRI |
| the change in electrical potential associated with the passage of an impulse along the membrane of a muscle cell or nerve cell. | Action Potential |
| When a neuron is at rest, the inside of the neuron is _______ and the outside is _________. | Negative; Positive |
| Inside of the neuron when at rest | K |
| Outside of the neuron when at rest | Na |
| the electrical charge of a neuron when it is not active (-70 mV) | Resting Membrane Potential |
| When a signal is sent from a neuron and an electrical explosion occurs, the Na channels open allowing Na to rush in, and K channels open allowing K to rush out. | Impulse |
| membrane is depolarized - at it's peak it will reach 30 mV | Action Potential Threshold |
| the time following an action potential during which a new action potential cannot be initiated | Refractory Period |
| inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord | Meningitis |
Created by:
taya_treglowne