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Integument Lecture
Anatomy Integument and related structures
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Integumentary system | one of the largest and most extensive organ systems of the body Composed of all 4 tissue types Covers and protects the underlying structures and forms a critical barrier between the delicate inner body and harsh external world |
| Keratinocytes | produce a tough, fibrous, waterproof protein called keratin Daughter cells- push older cells to the surface |
| Melanocyte | produces melanin Melanosomes-membrane bound granules that store melanin |
| Langerhans cell | phagocytizes microinvaders and plays an important role in helping to stimulate other aspects of the immune system |
| Merkel cell | aid in the sensation of touch |
| Basal Cells | basal cells are found at the bottom of the epidermis and produce new skin cells |
| Skin Cancer | can occur from any cell type that grows on the dermis or epidermis IMPORTANCE IN CANCER: squamous cells, melanocytes, and basal cells |
| Skin Cancer: Malignant Melanoma dogs & cats | Dogs & Cats- most malignant in the oral cavity. Commonly occur in other areas of skin |
| Skin Cancer: Malignant Melanoma Horses | Commonly occurs in aged gray horses Appears as nodules under the tail base, in the perianal area, and in the scrotum. nodules grow, ulcerate, and spread to multiple internal locations |
| Skin Cancer: malignant melanoma pigs | rare, but malignant melanoma commonly occurs in the Duroc-jersey breed |
| Skin Cancer: Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Form circular, ulcerated lesions that engulf the surrounding tissue |
| Who is squamous cell carcinoma Commonly found in ? | Cattle and horses White cats Merino ewe Dogs |
| Where is squamous cell carcinoma found in cattle and horses? | appears on the eyeball, nictitating membrane, and surrounding the eyelids |
| Where is squamous cell carcinoma found in white cats? | seen on the planum nasale, earflaps, and nose |
| Where is squamous cell carcinoma found in Merino ewe? | vulvar regions |
| Where is squamous cell carcinoma found in dogs? | Over the age of 5. Areas of skin that receive prolonged sun exposure are most vulnerable |
| Skin Cancer- Basal Cell Carcinoma | Stem from the cells found in the basal layer of the epidermis, in hair follicles, and in sebaceous glands. They do not spread to other areas of the body, Recur after removal, Grow slowly and are found on the head/neck in dogsone of most common tumors cats |
| Integument Functions | Physical Protective Barrier Prevents desiccation Provides thermoregulation Is a sense Organ Vitamin D Production Immune Function Excretes water, salt, organic wastes Stores nutrients |
| What are the 3 major layers of the integument structure? | Epidermis (superficial) Dermis (middle, where most structures are, vascular and innervated) Hypodermis (adipose, fatty layer, deep) |
| Name the 5 layers of the Epidermis? *Come, lets get sun burned* | Stratum Corneum Stratum Lucidum Stratum Granulosum Stratum Spinosum Stratum Basale |
| Stratum Corneum | "horny" outermost layer 20-30 rows of keratocytes (remnants) 75% of epidermal thickness nonvascular, cornified constantly replaced sometimes called "horny or cornified cells" |
| Stratum Lucidum | Clear layer Found only in very thick skin composed of a few rows of flattened dead cells Contents of the keratogranules combine with intracellular filaments to form keratin fibrils |
| Stratum Granulosum | Granular middle layer 2-4 layers of flattened keratocytes cells filled with lamellated granules of glycolipids *helps to waterproof the skin and slow water loss across the epidermis |
| Stratum Spinosum | Spiny layer Contains several layers of cells held together by desmosomes langerhans cells found in this layer |
| Stratum Basale (stratum germinativum) | deepest layer single row of keratocytes attached to epithelial basement actively growing merkel cells, melanocytes, and keratocytes found in this layer |
| Keratinocytes | produces keratin found in the stratum basale provides waterproofing, strength and resilience nourished by blood supply in dermis can grow and divide |
| Melanocytes | produces melanin pigment found in the stratum basale skin pigment result of presence or absence of melanin granules absorbed by the keratocytes and protects them from ultraviolet radiation |
| Merkel Cells | found in small numbers along the epidermal-dermal junction Always associated with a sensory nerve ending though to aid with the sensation of tough |
| Langerhans cells | found in the stratum spinosum epidermis specific macrophage produced in the bone marrow helps to stimulate other aspects of the immune system-allergic and cell mediated immune response in skin |
| Meissner's Corpuscles | light touch found in the papillary layer of the dermis |
| Ruffini corpuscule/ending | heat sensitive dermis-lower |
| Pacinian corpuscle | stronger pressure hypodermis |
Created by:
Kbarela0312