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Unit 2 Study guide
Forensics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 3 types of blood spatter? Give an example of each type. | Passive stains - blood dropping from injured body. Transfer stains - blood shoe print Impact stains- getting shot by a gun |
| What happens to the diameter of a blood drop as it falls from an increasing height? | The greater height, the larger the diameter of the bloodspots |
| What is the fastest speed that a gravitational drop can travel? | 25 ft/sec |
| What test is used by Forensic scientists to determine whether a dark stain is blood? | Several presumptive tests like kastle-myer, Benzidine, Luminol, Leucomalachite Green |
| A blood drop has a width of 1 cm and length of 3 cm. What is the angle that the drop impacted the surface? (show your work) | 1/3=0.313 sin-1(0.333) 6.5 |
| What is the difference between the terms microscopic and macroscopic? | Macrosocopic level includes anything seen with the naked eye Microscopic level includes atoms & molecules |
| What is the protein that composes a strand of hair? | Keratin |
| Which part of the hair must be present in order to collect DNA? | Root |
| If the follicle of the hair is not present, which classification of evidence is the hair considered? | Class evidencewithout follicle, individual with follicle |
| What is the top layer of skin called? | Epidermis |
| What are the 3 parts of the hair shaft? | Cuticle, cortex, medulla |
| Which part of the hair shaft contains scales that can be seen under a microscope? | Cuticle |
| What are the 6 types of hairs that can be found on humans? | head hair, eyebrows, eyelashes, beard, underarm air |
| Are all hairs the same? Explain. | Hair varies from person to person, it's uncommon for two different individuals to have the same hair, but should not be an absolute personal identification |
| How might hair be collected at a crime scene? (what is the process) | An investigator can collect hairs they observe virtually (with tweezers or hand)&can use clear tape to lift nonvisible hair fromavariety of surfaces like clothing |
| What knowledge can forensic scientists gather about a hair found at a crime scene? | If individual hairs are human or animal, and if its human hair its where it originated from |
| Which famous political leader’s murder was solved due to hair analysis? | Napoleon |
| What is a fiber? | A small thread |
| How does Locard’s Principle of Exchange relate to fiber analysis? | With contact between two items, there will be an exchange of microscopic material |
| How might fibers be collected at a crime scene? | Tweezers, tape, & vacuum |
| What is the difference between a natural fiber and a synthetic fiber? | Natural fibers- from plants and animals Synthetic fibers - manmade/chemical compounds |
| Give a few examples of natural fibers. | Cotton, hemp, wool, silk, Linen |
| Give a few examples of synthetic fibers. | Acetate,Acrylic, Microfibre, Nylon |
| What kind of evidence is a fiber considered (class or individual)? | Class evidence |
| What kind of test can be conducted if several fibers are found at a crime scene? | A burn test |
| The center part of a loop or whorl is called the _____. | Core |
| The triangular pattern of a fingerprint is called a _______. | delta |
| What are the 3 patterns of fingerprints? | Loop, whorl, arches |
| Which type of fingerprint is most rare? | Arches |
| Why are fingerprints useful to Forensics scientists? | It can confirm or dispose a person's identity |
| What is a patent fingerprint? | Whats left when you hae liquid on your fingers like ink or blood & touch a surface |
| What is a latent fingerprint? | Impression of the friction skinand oils of whats left of the finger pattern onto a surface |
| What is a plastic/impression fingerprint? | When you touch a soft surface like wax or paint |
| How do fingerprint examiners determine if two fingerprints are a match? | The examiner compares the 2 prints andlooks for similarites & differences, then decide if it's a match |
| Can fingerprints be altered or disguised? How? | The only way to change your fingerprints is to scar or burn it |
| What are several methods of making latent prints visible? | Dusting, iodinefuming, silver nitrate development, ninhydrin treatment,superglue fuming |
| What does DNA stand for? | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
| Where is DNA located? | Nucleus and a small portion goes on mitochondria |
| Why is DNA important to forensics? | Identify criminals with incredible accuracy when biological evidence exists, it can also clean suspects who were charged for a crime they didnt commit |
| What are the 4 nitrogenous bases? How do they pair? | Adenine (A), Thymine (T), cytosine (C), guanine (G) |
| What can a DNA profile tell a forensic scientist? | Identify potential suspects & line suspects to a crime |
| What is a real life example of a case in which DNA was used to convict someone? | Tommie Lee Andrews |
| What % of nuclear DNA would you expect to share with your mother, father, grandmother (mother’s side of the family), Your cousin (child of your mother’s sister) | 50% for parents, 25% for grandmother,12.5% for cousin |
| What % of mitochondrial DNA would you expect to share with your mother, father, grandmother (mother’s side of the family), Your cousin (child of your mother’s sister) | 100% mother, father 0%, grandma 50%,cousin 25% |
Created by:
samibun