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cell reproduction
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Asexual Reproduction | a mode of reproduction in which a new offspring is produced by a single parent |
| Sexual Reproduction | the production of new living organisms by combining genetic information from two individuals of different types (sexes) |
| Gene | a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring |
| Spindle Fibers | filaments that form the mitotic spindle in cell division |
| Cell Plate | a disk formed in the phragmoplast of a dividing plant cell that eventually forms the middle lamella of the wall between the daughter cells |
| Daughter Cells | Genetically identical cells formed when a cell undergoes division by mitosis |
| Cancer | a disease in which some of the body's cells grow uncontrollably and spread to other parts of the body |
| Gametes | a reproductive cell (sex cell) of an animal or plant |
| Chromosome | a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes |
| Binary Fission | asexual reproduction by a separation of the body into two new bodies |
| Budding | an asexual reproduction method in which a new organism develops from a bud of an existing organism |
| Sporulation | adult organisms produce single-celled diploid spores that grow into adults themselves |
| Regeneration | a type of asexual reproduction in which the organism is capable of regrowing certain body parts |
| Chromatid | half of a chromosome |
| Crossing over | exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids from homologous chromosome during prophase I of meiosis; results in new allele combinations |
| Centromere | where two chromatids join |
| Centriole | a minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division |
| G1 | the period in the cell cycle from the end of cell division to the beginning of DNA replication |
| G2 | the second growth period of the cell cycle, following DNA replication and preceding prophase, during which the cell forms the materials that make up the spindle |
| S Phase | responsible for the synthesis or replication of DNA |
| Mitosis | a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth |
| Somatic Cell | any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells |
| Prophase | the first prophase of PMAT -- includes the reduction division |
| Metaphase | the second stage of PMAT-- the chromosomes become attached to the spindle fibers |
| Anaphase | the third stage of PMAT -- the chromosomes move away from one another to opposite poles of the spindle |
| Telophase | the fourth stage of PMAT -- the chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed |
| Cytokinesis | the cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells |
| What is the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction? | In sexual reproduction, an organism combines the genetic information from each of its parents and is genetically unique. In asexual reproduction, one parent copies itself to form a genetically identical offspring. |
| Compare/contrast binary fission, mitosis, and meiosis. | Binary fission and mitosis are types of asexual reproduction in which the parent cell divides to form two identical daughter cells. Meiosis is a form of sexual reproduction in which a cell divides its genetic material between the two daughter cells. |
| What are the 4 phases of mitosis? | PMAT (Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase) |
| What is cancer and what can cause it? | Cancer is a disease caused when cells divide uncontrollably and spread into surrounding tissues. |
| What is cytokinesis? Is there any difference in how it happens in plant versus animal cells? | The separation into two (or more) daughter cells. Plant cells form a cell plate between the two daughter cells. In animal cells, a cleavage furrow is formed between the two daughter cells. |
| What organelle, involved in cell division, is present in only animal cells? | Centrioles. |
| What is the purpose of meiosis? | To produce egg and sperm cells for sexual reproduction. |
| Describe what occurs during crossing over. When does it occur? | Crossing over is a cellular process that happens during meiosis when chromosomes of the same type are lined up. |
| What do the terms haploid and diploid refer to? | A hapliod cell has half the number of chromosomes a diploid has (diploids have the full number.) Haploids are sex cells or gametes, and diploid cells are body or somatic cells. |
Created by:
mm.18293