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Chem Final Chap 19
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Alpha particle | A helium nucleus produced in radioactive decay |
| Beta particle | An electron produced in radioactivity |
| Gamma particle | A high energy photon produced i radioactive decay. 0 charge,no mass |
| Radioactive decay | When nuclei spontaneously decompose forming a different nucleus and producing one or more particles |
| Radioisotope | An unstable form of a chemical element that releases radiation as it breaks down and becomes more stable |
| Fission | Splitting a heavy nucleus into two nuclei with smaller mass numbers. |
| Fusion | Combining two light nuclei to form a heavier nucleus. |
| Geiger counter | An instrument that measures the rate of radioactive decay by registering the ions and electrons produced as radioactive particle passes through a gas filled chamber. |
| Half-life | The time required for half of the original sample of radioactive nuclides to decay. |
| Critical mass | The mass of fissionable material required to produce a chain reaction |
| Chain reaction | A self-sustaining fission process caused by the production of a neutrons that produced to split other nuclei |
| Nucleons | A particle in an atomic nucleus, either a neutron or a proton |
| Positron | A particle that has the same mass as an electron but with a positive charge |
| Nuclear transmutation | The conversion of one chemical element or an isotope into another chemical element |
| Radiotracers | A radioactive nuclide introduced into an organism and tarced for diagnostic purposes |
| Explain the cathode ray experiment and the discovery of an electron | Thomson was able to deflect the cathode ray towards a positively charged plate deduce that the particles in the beam were negatively charged. |
| Explain Rutherford's Gold Foil experiment and what is discovered. | It discovered that the atom had a dense positive core. When Ernest shot a beam of alpha particles at a sheet of golf foil,a few of the particles were deflected. He concluded that a tiny,dense nucleus was causing the deflections. |
| Ernest Rutherford | Gold foil experiment and discovered that the atom has a dense positive nucleus |
| John Dalton | Discovered the Atomic theory 1-Elements are made up of atoms 2-All atoms in a given element are identical 3-Atoms from a given element are different fromother element 4-Atoms of a given element can combine with others 5-All atoms are indivisible |
| JJ Thomson | Used the cathode ray tube to discover electrons |
| William Thomson | Discovered the Plum Pudding model and thought electrons were combined with positive charges. |
| Neils Bohr | Discovered the planetary model and thought that electrons circled around the positive nucleus of an atom like planets |
| Place them in chronological order | 1-John Dalton 2-Cathode ray tube 3-Plum Pudding 4-Nucleus atom |
| Write the isotope fro Carbon-13 | 13C 6 |
| Write the hyphen notation for the element that contain 15 electrons and 15 neutrons | Phosphorus-30 |
| What particle is represented by 4HE ? 2 | Alpha particle |
| What particle is represented by 0 e ? -1 | Beta particle |
| What particle is represented by 0 e ? 1 | Positron |
| What particle is represented by 1 n ? 0 | Neutron |
| What particle is represented by 1 H ? 1 | Proton |
| Would you use a radiotracer with a long or short half life for medicinal purposes? Explain why | Short, because a radioisotope used for diagnosis must emit gamma rays of sufficient energy to escape from the body and it must have a half life short enough for it to decay soon. |
| What element id the death sentence of a star? | Iron |
| Rank the three processes (fission,fusion, radioactive decay) from produces the most energy to the least amount. | Fusion, Fission, and radioactive decay |
| Give an example of an element that would be produced during a star's life and explain why. | Carbon, In massive stars, hydrogen burns to form helium. This produces Carbon, |
| Write the isotope notation for Uranium-235. | 235 U 92 |
| How many protons does Uranium-235 have? | 92 |
| How many neutrons does Uranium-235 have? | 143 |
Created by:
JuliR
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