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Chem Final Chap 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chemistry | Science that deals with the material of the universe |
| Law | A statement that summarizes generally observed behavior. |
| Theory | A set of assumptions put forth to explain some aspects of the observed behavior of matter |
| Scientific Method | 1-Observation 2-Hypothesis 3-Experimentation 4-Theory 5-Law |
| Measurement | a quantitative observation |
| Matter | The material of the universe |
| Quantitative | Any method used fro determine the amount of a chemical in a sample (how much) |
| Qualitative | Information about the identity of a atomic or molecular species or the functional groups in that sample (what) |
| Atom | The fundamental units of which elements are composed |
| Molecules | A collection of atoms bonded together that behave as a unit |
| What is the difference between a chemical and physical property? | Chemical property- Substance changes into a different substances Physical property- Substance does not change |
| Example of a chemical and physical property | Chemical- toxicity Physical- color |
| What is the difference between a chemical and physical change? | Chemical change- Transform substance into a new one. Physical change-physical properties like color,solids,liquids,gasses, but no change in substance. |
| Examples of chemical and physical change | Chemical change- wood burning Physical change-putting color dye in water |
| Is a change of state a chemical or physical change? | Physical change |
| Products | A new substance formed by a chemical reaction, on the right of reaction arrow |
| Reactants | The starting substance of a chemical reaction, on the the left of the reaction arrow |
| Difference between Reactants and Products? | Reactants are the starting substance while Products are the new substances |
| What does the arrow in a chemical reaction mean? | Tells you a change has taken place, and one things has turned into another |
| Mixture | A mixture is a material made up of two or more substances but are not bonded together. |
| What is the difference between a heterogeneous and a homogeneous mixture? | Heterogeneous is a mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout the mixture. Homogenous is a mixture that is the same throughout. |
| What is a solution? | A homogeneous solution |
| Alloy | A mixture of elements that have metallic properties. |
| Pure substance | A substance with constant composition |
| Element | A substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical or physical means, it consists of atoms all having the same atomic number. |
| Compounds | A substance made of two or more different elements joined together in a specific way. |
| What is the difference between a compound and a element? | A element must be all the same atoms while compounds have two or more different types of atoms |
| Filtration | Is a physical separation process that separates solid matter and fluid from a mixture using a filter medium. EX- Separating sand from water using a mesh. |
| Distillation | The action of purifying a liquid by a process of heating and cooling. EX-Separating water from minerals by boiling,which changes the water to vapor and leaves the minerals behind as solids. |
| What is the atomic number and mass number for Carbon? | Atomic=6 Mass=12 |
| What does the atomic and mass number tell you? | The atomic number tells you the number of protons/electrons it has. The mass number tells you the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom. |
| How many protons does Oxygen have? | 8 |
| How many electrons does iron have? | 26 |
| How many neutrons does magnesium have? | 12 |
| Characteristics of Metal | Lustrous (shiny),malleable,and ductile |
| Characteristics of Non-metals | Gas,liquid, and solid |
| Characteristics of Metalloids | Solids,ductile, and malleable |
| Characteristics of Noble gases | odorless,colorless,and non-flammable |
| The vertical rows in the periodic table are called.... | groups |
| the horizontal rows in the periodic table are called... | periods |
| Which group number represents elements that tend to gain 2 electrons when they react? | 6A |
| Which group number represents elements that tend to lose 3 electrons when they react? | 3A |
Created by:
JuliR
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