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World History Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What were the living conditions like in Harappan cities? | Most homes were alike, and people with the same jobs formed neighborhoods |
| What did the varnas describe? | a social caste system |
| In his Four Noble Truths, Siddhartha Guatama taught the "all life is..." what? | Suffering |
| After leading fierce battles that killed thousands of people, Ashoka felt sorry and did what? | He converted to Buddhism and built temples and hospitals |
| What is cultural diffusion? | sharing ideas and technologies between cultures |
| nomads | a person who migrates from place to place |
| Sanskrit | a classical Indo-European language spoken by Indo-Aryan migrants to northern India around 1500 - 1000 B.C.E. |
| vedic | associated with the society or religion of the Indo-Aryan migrants |
| varna | the four major social groups of ancient Indian society, ranked in order of purity |
| caste system | rigid social hierarchy in ancient India that divided people into hereditary classes |
| reincarnation | the rebirth of a soul in a different body over different life cycles |
| karma | the sum of a person's actions in life that determines his or her rebirth in the next life |
| dharma | a Sanskrit term meaning the way of righteous conduct |
| ascetic | one who chooses a life of poverty |
| enlightenment | a state when someone obtains a deep understanding and sense of clarity |
| nirvana | a state of blissful |
| monsoon | a strong seasonal wind in South and Southeast Asia |
| cultural diffusion | the process by which cultures interact and ideas spread from one area to another |
| loess | a type of fine, fertile, yellow silt that floats through the waters of the Huang He in China |
| oracle bone | a bone used in ancient China to consult ancestors about the future; now none to be one of China's earliest surviving written record |
| ancestor worship | the practice of contacting dead ancestors with the belief that they can intercede in human events on behalf of the living |
| mandate of heaven | the ancient Chinese belief that Heaven, the generalized forces of the cosmos, chooses the rightful ruler who as long as Heaven believes he is worthy |
| dyanastic cycle | the pattern of the rise and fall of dynasties in ancient and early China |
| fiial piety | respect for one's parents |
| meritocracy | a system in which qualified people are chosen and promoted on the basis of their achievement rather than social class |
| bureaucracy | a group of administrative government officials |
| Buddha | Siddhartha Gautama's name after he achieved enlightenment |
| donating to the Buddhist order | How non-monks influenced their rebirths according to Buddhism |
| He displayed virtuous behaviors, promoted religious freedom, and funded hospitals and temples | How Ashoka eventually held power over the Maurya Empire |
| to end suffering | ultimate goal of the Noble Eightfold Path |
| monsoons | helped traders sail safely to India |
| India's trading partners adapting to the decimal system | example of cultural diffusion |
| led them to live lives without violence | influence of Buddhism in ancient South Asian society |
| they gained valuable goods and ideas that they needed to prosper | the affect of trade on the development of Western civilization |
| neighborhoods were divided by occupation, and most had similar access to sewage and water | organization of early agricultural Harappan civilizations |
| access to the water of the Indus River and its tributaries | the factor that led to the appearance and decline of Harappan civilization |
| Brahmins | top of the Vedic society |
| the rise of agriculture limited women's freedoms and reinforced social differences between castes | culture of the Indo-Aryan Sanskrit speakers by the Rig Veda |
| it indicated that the actions in one's current life could affect how how one would be reborn in the next | How the concept of karma in the Upshanids related to reincarnation |
| Hinduism | this modern religion is associated with the Bhagavad Gita and the Ramayana |
| they were able to translate the Rig Veda that was written in Sanskrit to learn about the Indo-Aryan civilization unlike the Harappan civilization | how historians were able to recreate the Indo-Aryan culture better than the Harappan civilization |
| people with the same jobs lived in similar areas which brought them closer together | how the rise of agriculture affected relationships in the Indus Valley |
| Qin Dynasty | dynasty that cam to power immediately after the Warring States Period in China |
| first emperor | what Shi Huangdi translates to |
| legalism | philosophy that emphasizes the strict enforcement of laws by a strict government |
| personal achievements | allowed a person to rise to power in a meritocracy |
| he ruled through a bureaucracy made up of a prime minister, regional governors, and other officials | how did Shi Huangdi govern China |
| an army of terra-cotta warriors | what Shi Huangdi commissioned to be built to protect him in the after life |
| He was a ruthless leader who evoked | the difference between Shi Huangdi and the philosophies Confusian and Daoist |
| they followed many of the same beliefs but peacefully | how the ideas of meritocracy and legalism affected government and law in the Qin Dynasty |
| Shang Dynasty | associated with amazing bronze artistry |
| to communicate with dead ancestors about future events | Shang rulers use of oracle bones |
| The Zhou gave power to local rulers, who began to fight among themselves | how the Zhou Dynasty lead to the Warring Sates Period |
| Doaism | philosophy that emphasizes the harmony between the yin and yang forces |
| they both created a large empire of separate city-states | how the Shang Dynasty was similar to Mesopotamia |
| the creatprs wanted to create peace | why the Daoism and Confusianism were created during the Warring States Period |
| Shang Dynasty | first dynasty |
| Zhou dynasty | second dynasty |
| Mauryan Empire | empire in India |
| Qin Dynasty | third dynasty |
| civilization | advanced and complex society |
| division of labor | a system in which people perform different jobs to meet the needs of a society; a process that divides a task into separate with each part completed by a different person |
| social class | a system in which people are grouped according to rank and power |
| institution | an organization that is established for a specific purpose and continues over time |
| technology | the practical application of knowledge; any tool or technique that helps people accomplish tasks |
| silt | especially fine and fertile soil |
| irrigation | a human made system to transfer water where it is needed |
| bronze | a mixture of the metals copper and tin |
| city-state | a city who's ruler governs both the city and the surrounding country side |
| Epic | a long narrative poem that relates the adventures of a legendary or historic hero |
| Polytheism | Belief in many gods |
| Ziggurat | a large, stepped structure in a Sumerian temple |
| empire | a group of nations or peoples ruled by a single person or government |
| cuneiform | the earliest form of writing, developed by the Sumerians |
| public works | government construction projects that benefit a community |
| alliances | partnerships |
| stela | a stone pillar used for the purpose of commemorating an important event or accomplishment |
| delta | a triangular shape of low flat land at the mouth of a river |
| cataracts | a steep, unnavigable rapid along the course of a river |
| pharoh | a king of ancient Egypt |
| Monarchy | a government ruled by a single person, such as a king |
| Dynasty | A series of rulers from the same family |
| pyramid | a large, four sided monument built in ancient Egypt as a tomb for a pharaoh |
| mummy | the preserved body of a pharaoh or other person in ancient Egypt |
| hieroglyph | a picture representing an object, sound, or idea that was part of the ancient Egyptian writing system |
| Papyrus | paper-like material made from reeds |
| scribe | a professional writer who recorded official information in ancient societies |
| diplomacy | Negotiation between governments |
| iron | heavy metal that is used to make steel |
| cavalry | a group of soldiers mounted on horseback |
| cultural heritage | the attributes of a group or a society inherited from past civilizations |
| human record | the story of human life on earth over the centuries |
| monotheism | Belief in one God |
| convenant | a religious agreement |
| tribe | extended family unit |
| theocracy | form of government in which the legal system is based on religious law |
| exile | forced removal from one's homeland |
| refugee | person who forced to leave his or her homeland because of war, persecution, or natural disaster |
| synagogue | Jewish house of worship |
| relief | type of sculpture in which three-dimensional elements rise from a flat background |
| Who were the Assyrians able to conquer? | Mesopotamians, Egyptians, and Isrealites |
| Who had the first calvary? | Assyrians |
| What was the foundation of the Hittite empire? | Iron |
| Which religions were shaped by Hebrew monotheism? | Christian and Islam |
| What led to the creation of social classes in early civilizations? | division of labor |
| What system did the Sumerians create to solve architectural and economic problems? | numerical system |
| What limited citizens' understanding of Hammurabi's Code? | Many people were illiterate and couldn't read the stela |
| Under Hammurabi's Code, how did rules regarding women in ancient Mesopotamia compare to other ancient societies? | A woman could initiate divorce unlike women in many other societies |
| What resulted from the lack of natural barriers for city-states like Sumer? | they were prone to attacks and conquered |
| What resources did Uruk lack and what resources did they have in surplus? | They had a surplus of clay and grain and lacked trees and large rocks |
| What was the religious practice of early Sumerians? | polytheism |
| How did Hammurabi improve life for citizens in Mesopotamia? | He started many different public works to better the community |
| Ultimately, why did the Assyrians force conquered people to relocate? | to demonstrate the ruler's power |
| What legal system is based on religious law? | theocracy |
| What was the Babylonian Exile? | forced removal of the Jews from Judah to Babylon |
| What effect did the Babylonian Exile have on the Jews? | It forced them to start building synagogues since they could no longer worship at the temple |
| How did Assyrian improve transportation in their empire? | they built a road system |
| How did Assyrians improve communication within their empire? | they created a messaging system |
| Where do historians believe the ancestors of ancient Egyptians were from? | Africa |
| How were Egyptian and Sumerian societies similar? | they both were highly stratified in terms of social class |
| Why was it important that scientist found the Rosetta Stone? | it unlocked the meaning of hieroglyphs |
| What led to the creation of a 3 season calendar? | the predictability of the Nile River |
| How did royal burial practices change from the Old Kingdom and the New Kingdom? | The New Kingdom stopped building pyramids and built tombs into the landscape to deter robbers |
| What was the significance of mummification in Egypt? | Egyptians believed it allowed the deceased person's life force would continue |
| How did the construction of the pyramids lead to technology advances in Egypt? | To construct the pyramids the Egyptians used new technology to move the blocks that weighed over one ton to the top of the higher levels. |
| Where were the last pharohs of ancient Egypt from? | Macedonian |
| Who was Cleopatra? | The last pharoh of ancient Egypt who became allies with the Romans to keep them from invading |
| When was the peak of ancient Egypt? | New Kingdom |
| Who helped bring upon the peak of Egypt? | Ramses the second or Ramses the Great |
| What was the first crop to be domesticated in China? | Rice |
| According to the Chinese, what did the Mandate of Heaven influence? | the dynastic cycle |
| What did the Shang rules use to predict the future? | oracle bones |
| What does Daoism teach its followers to do? | seek balance by living in harmony with nature |
| What was put into place by Qin Dynasty? | a detailed system of laws |
| What Dynasties worked with bronze? | Qin, Shang, and Zhou |
| What was an achievement of the Shang Dynasty? | moving water to farm fields |
| What evidence suggests that the Indus Valley cities had a well-organized government? | Well planned cities using a grid system |
| Which Dynasty led to a feudal system in China? | Zhou Dynasty |
| What was achieved first by the Chinese? | Silk making |
| The Chinese writing system was hard to learn because it used... | thousands of characters |
| What is true about the Indus Valley Civilization? | It disappeared without a trace and was only rediscovered in 1922 |
| Which Characteristic made Uruk a city-state? | It was made up of a city and a rural area ruled by a king |
| Why did the city states build high city walls? | to protect themselves from conflict |
| What was one cause of the development of civilizations in Southwest Asia? | agriculture boomed and produced food surpluses |
| According to Hammurabi's code who was at the bottom of Babylonian society? | Slaves |
| Why did Egyptians preserve the bodies of dead pharaohs as mummies? | so the pharaoh's life force would endure |
| Why is the rule of Ramses the second considered the peak of Egypt's power? | Ramses commissioned hundreds of monuments and statues |
| How did ancient Egyptians use the Nile River to sustain their way of life? | They used irrigation to bring water from the Nile to their farm fields |
| What are Egyptian hieroglyphs? | symbols that stood for both single objects and complex ideas |
| What was one result of the Hittite kingdom's use of iron? | The Hittites won battles using iron weapons |
| What does the Diaspora refer to? | the migration of Jews to places all over the world |
| What body of water does the Nile River enter into? | The Mediterranean Sea |
| What geographic feature prevented Egypt from expanding to the West? | The Sahara Desert |
| About how many years did the ancient civilization last? | 3,000 years |
| During which kingdom did Ramses the second rule? | The New Kingdom |
| What happened in Egypt at about the time of the fall of Babylon? | The New Kingdom began |
| What was found in 1801 that allowed us to decipher hieroglyphs? | Rosetta Stone |
| Most Egyptians were a part of what group? | Farmers |
| Where did the first cities emerge? | River valleys |
| Egyptians believed in what? | life after death |
| How did Egyptians view their pharaohs? | As gods |
| Ancient people are called what because they believed in many gods? | polytheists |
| what geographic feature had the greatest impact on ancient | Nile |
| During what kingdom were the Great Pyramids of Giza built? | Old Kingdom |
| Why was the Code of Hammurabi such a great achievement? | It was the first major collection of laws |
| Who was the chief minster who supervised the business of government in Egypt? | vizier |
| what word means land between two rivers? | Mesopotamia |
| what is a pyramid shaped temple built by the Sumerians? | Ziggurat |
| Who created a code to provide "justice" in Babylon? | Hammurabi |
| Who united the Sumerian city-states into the first empire? | Sargon 1 |
| what do historians rely on to learn about how human beings lived in the past? | artifacts |
| Where did the earliest modern humans first originate? | Africa |
| What areas did the earliest modern humans first migrate too? | Asia and Europe |
| Why is Mitochondrial Eve important? | Every human today has mitochondrial DNA from her |
| What word do archaeologists use to describe societies that practiced agriculture and used stone tools? | neolithic |
| What practice rose in northern China and in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago? | agriculture |
| What does a paleo anthropologist normally study? | the fossils of early humans and their ancestors |
| when do scientists theorize that early humans reached the Americas? | 18,000 years ago |
| In which region is the world's oldest known continuous lived-in settlement? | Southwest Asia |
| What statement best illustrates that some early humans were successful farmers? | They lived by rivers and fertile land |
| Where did early modern humans migrate to 50,000 years ago? | Australia |
| What continents did early modern humans migrate to? | all but Antarctica |
| historiography | the art and science of creating a reliable and useful story from bits of information about the past |
| neanderthal | a member of an extinct species of early humans |
| diaspora | the migration of people from an ancestral homeland |
| domestication | taming of wild animals |
| neolithic | the term used to describe people who used stone tools and practiced agriculture; means "new stone age" |
| agriculture | the cultivation of plant foods and domestication of animals |
| economy | the process of producing and obtaining goods and services |
| indeginous | native to a particular place |
| surplus | supply of goods and labor not needed for short-term survival |
Created by:
mcclillian1