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Chem chapter 4 test
| How did the concept of the atom change from the time of the Democritus to the time of John Dalton? | Democritus reasoned that atoms were indivisible and indestructable. But by using experimental evidence Dalton was able to turn those ideas into a scientific theory. |
| What instruments are used to observe individual atoms? | Scanning Electron Microscopes |
| Atom | The basic building block of matter |
| Number one of Dalton's atomic theory. | All elements are composed of tiny indivisible particles. |
| Number two of Dalton's atomic theory. | Atoms of the same element are identical. The atoms of any one element are different from those of another element. |
| Number three of Dalton's atomic theory. | atoms of different elements can physically or chemically combine in simple whole number ratios to form compounds. |
| Number four of Dalton's atomic theory. | Chemical reactions occur when atoms are seperated, joined, or rearranged in a different combination. Atoms of one element are never change into atoms of another as a result of a chemical reaction. |
| Cathode ray experiment one | ray was attracted to the positive pull: repelled by the negative pull. |
| Cathode ray experiement two | regardless of metal get same result |
| Observation one of Gold Foil Experiment | most of the particles went straight through the foil |
| Observation 2 of Gold foil experiment | a few particles were deflected backwords |
| Quote of Ernest Rutherford | The atom is mostly empty space with a dense center. |
| What experimental evidence led rutherford to conclude that an atom is mostly empty space? | In his gold foil experiemtn, he shot a beam at gold foil, this caused most particles to go through the foil, but some particles deflected backwords. |
| What information about the atom are equal to each other? | The number of protons and electrons and the atomic number. |
| How do you find the number of nuetrons? | the mass number minus the atomic number. |
| How to calculate atomic mass? | mass of isotope multiplied by the abundance. |
| What are the limitations of Democritus ideas about atoms? | he did not have experimental evidence, he only reasoned it. |
| Use Daltons atomic theory to describe how atoms interact during a chemical reaction. | Chemical reactions occur when atoms are seperated from each other, joined, or rearragnged in a different combination. |
| Describe the location of electrons in the cookie model | the elctrons are spread out throughout the positive sphere |
| What is the charge of the nucelus? | there is no charge because of the positive protons and negative nuetrons |
| name two ways isotopes of an element differ | they have different mass numbers and different number of nuetrons |
| whats one part of daltons theory no longer agree with the current picture | atoms are indivisible can now be subdivided into protons, electrons, and nuetrons |
| whats the second part of daltons theory that no longer agree with the current picture | atoms of the same element are not identical due to isotopes |
| what makes isotopes of the same element chemically alike? | they have the same number of protons but different number of nuetrons |
Created by:
SamK14