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media final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a widely used persuasive technique that associates a product with a positive cultural value or image even if it has little connection to the product. | association principle |
| Phony grassroots public affairs campaigns engineered by PR firms | astroturf lobbying |
| A model for journalism and speech in which the government actively censors the media that critiques its actions, and supports the media that is sympathetic to its agenda of the ruling class | authoritarian model |
| In advertising, small regional ad agencies that devote their talents to only a handful of select clients | boutique agencies |
| any print or broadcast expression for which a fee is charged to organizations and individuals buying time or space in the mass media. | commercial speech |
| Government "owns" the press and directly controls what it reports. Leaders believe the press should serve government goals. Ideas that challenge the basic premises of state authority are not tolerated. | communist or state model |
| considered unethical, any situation in which journalists may stand to benefit personally from stories they produce. | conflict of interest |
| the action of damaging the good reputation of someone; slander or libel. | defamation |
| publicity or favorable coverage in the news media that a PR person works to secure for a client or an organization. | earned media |
| situations in which beliefs are amplified or reinforced by communication and repition. | Echo Chamber Effect |
| the ages in which the access to technology is the defining characteristic of that era | Electronic Age, Information Age, Post-Information Age |
| a process in which you learn what a society values and how you are expected to behave. Much of this is absorbed through family interaction, ingested as we consume media, taught in school, or learned from friends. | Enculturation |
| the view held by members of a culture that the values and way's of one's own group are superior | ethnocentrism |
| Repealed in 1987, this 1949 FCC rule required broadcast stations to both air and engage in controversial-issue programs that affected their communities and, when offering such programming, to provide competing points of view. | Fairness Doctrine |
| Created by the federal government in 1914, in part to help monitor advertising abuses. | Federal trade Commission's founding |
| flack | a public agent |
| legal restrictions prohibiting the press from releasing preliminary information that might prejudice jury selection or cause an unfair trial. | gag orders |
| unfair or deceptive acts or practices in environmental marketing | greenwashing |
| a situation chase celebrities in packs; or follow a story in such herds that the entire profession comes under attack for invading people's privacy, exploiting their personal problems, or just plain getting the story wrong. | herd journalism |
| an advertising strategy that plays on a sense of insecurity, trying to persuade consumers that only a specific product can offer relief. | hidden-fear appeal |
| HUAC was made in 1938 to investigate people and organizations suspected of supporting the communist party, citizens would be tried in a court of law | House Un-American Activities Committee |
| maintains that society must adhere to moral codes that are universal and unconditional and applicable in all situations at all times | Immanuel Kant's ethics |
| an underlying value held by many U.S. journalists, it favors individual rights and responsibilities above group needs or institutional mandates. | individualism |
| due to uneven adoption of technology in society, which relates to a persona's desire to use a given technology | Information gap |
| creates a product name recognition by being annoying or obnoxious (think Annoying Orange) | irritation advertising |
| The ends justify the means; what is right is determined by its contribution to a desirable end | John Stuart Mill's ethics |
| Coined by journalists Bill Kovach and Tom Rosenstiel, a journalistic model that promotes fact-gathering and expertise and views objectivity as the ideal for news practice. | journalism of verification |
| Defamation in written or broadcasted form | libel |
| This model encourages vigorous criticism of the government and the utmost degree of individual and press freedoms | libertarian model |
| in governmental public relations, the process of attempting to influence lawmakers to support and vote in favor of an organization's or industry's best interests. | lobbying |
| in advertising and public relations agencies, the department that uses social science techniques to assess the behaviors and attitudes of consumers toward particular products before any ads are created | market research |
| People in advertising who negotiate rates and placement of ads in specific media outlets | media buyers |
| In public relations, any circumstance created for the sole purpose of gaining coverage in the media. | media event |
| in advertising, the individuals who analyze the effectiveness of various media channels | media planners |
| a strategy for critiquing advertising that provides insights into how ads work on a cultural level; according to this strategy, ads are narratives with stories to tell and social conflicts to resolve. | myth analysis |
| shoots for the individual and may or may not hit the intended party—it's the idea of personalization as envisioned by a conglomerate media outlet. | Narrowcasting |
| This journalist went undercover to expose conditions at an asylum. Her actions sparked a discussion on journalism ethics, especially in regards to deception | Nellie Bly |
| the principle that all data being sent across the internet should be treated the same- that is, it should have the same access to the network and travel across it at the same speed | Net Neutrality |
| gathering information and making narrative reports - edited by journalists - that offer select frames of reference and help the public make sense of important events, political issues, cultural trends, and unusual happenings in everyday life | news |
| information most worthy of transformation into news stories; the criteria that journalists use to select and develop new stories, including timeslines, proximity, conflict, prominence, human interest, consequence, usefulness, novelty, and deviance | newsworthiness |
| not protected as speech if these three legal tests are all met(2) the material depicts or describes sexual conduct in a patently offensive way; (3) the material, as a whole, lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value. | obscenity |
| Obsecenity versus Indecency | Indecency is almost always protected by the first amendment while obscenity is not, at least for adults. |
| a defense against libel that states that libel applies only to intentional misstatements of factual information rather than to statements of opinion. | opinion and fair comment |
| external marketing efforts that involve a paid placement, such as advertising, branded content and display ads. | paid media |
| people have access to technology and adopt it to some extent but don't achieve the ability to take part in the digital conversation | Participation gap |
| Daniel Ellsberg, a former Defense Department employee, stole a copy of the forty-seven-volume report on Vietnam Policy.the report was classified by the government as top secret. Ellsberg and a friend leaked the study | Pentagon Papers |
| An advertising strategy that associates a product with simplicity. | plain-folks pitch |
| The use of ad techniques to promote a candidates image and persuade the public to adopt a particular viewpoint | political advertising |
| A new marketing strategy that uses detailed data compiled by digital ad agencies or data mining companies to target customers with ads today and and predict what they might want to purchase down the road. | predictive marketing |
| those in the early nineteenth century who sought to advance a client's image through media exposure, primarily via stunts staged for newspapers | press agents |
| Announcements written in the style of news reports that present new information about an individual, a company, or an organization. | press releases |
| the legal definition of censorship in the United States; it prohibits courts and governments from blocking any publication or speech before it actually occurs. | prior restraint |
| Info, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view | propaganda |
| the end of the copyright period for a work, at which point the public may begin to access it for free. | public domain |
| "a strategic communication process that builds mutually beneficial relationships between organizations and their publics." | public relations |
| fifteen- to sixty-second audio or video reports that promote government programs, educational projects,etc. As part of their requirement to serve the public interest, broadcasters have been encouraged to carry free PSAs. | public service announcements (PSAs) |
| in public relations, a type of communication that uses various media messages to spread information about a person, a corporation, an issue, or a policy. | publicity |
| allowance to report judicial or legislative proceedings even though the public statements being reported may be libelous | qualified privilege |
| an underlying value held by many U.S. journalists, it assumes that businesspeople should compete with one another not primarily to maximize profits but to create prosperity for all. | responsible capitalism |
| a person's right to be left alone, without name, image, or daily activities becoming public property | right to privacy |
| the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues. | satire |
| variety of media are inundated with ads aimed at target audiences | saturation advertising |
| part of the 1934 Communications Act; it mandates that during elections, broadcast stations must provide equal opportunities and response time for qualified political candidates. | Section 315 |
| is speech directed at the overthrow of government. It includes speech attacking basic institutions of government, including particular governmental leaders. | seditious expression |
| protect reporters from having to reveal their sources for controversial info used in news stories | shield laws |
| in advertising, a phrase that attempts to sell a product by capturing its essence in words. | slogan |
| an underlying value held by many U.S. journalists, it favors the small over the large and the rural over the urban. | small-town pastoralism |
| an advertising strategy that attempts to persuade consumers that using a product will enable them to maintain or elevate their social status | snob-appeal approach |
| seek truth and report it, minimize harm, act independently, be accountable and transparent | Society of Professional Journalists code of ethics (in order) |
| in the days before modern advertising, individuals who purchased space in newspapers and sold it to various merchants | space brokers |
| a computer term referring to unsolicited e-mail. Constitutes 54 percent of all e-mails in the world's Internet traffic | Spam |
| in public relations, people who have an interest in what is happening regarding a particular issue, event, or occurrence. | Stakeholders |
| in advertising, a blueprint or roughly drawn comic-strip version of a proposed advertisement | storyboard |
| a 1950s term that refers to hidden or disguised print and visual messages that allegedly register in the subconscious and fool people into buying products | subliminal advertising |
| communication happening in real life, real time, such as video calls, video conferencing, Facetime, etc. | synchronous communication |
| Due to the uneven distribution of technology in society, which relates to a persons access to a given technology | Technology gap |
| a type of narrowcasting that shoots for an individual and their personalized interests; is targeted to a group of people with the same interests; the three characteristics are partnership, participation, and personalization. | The Daily Me |
| Invented by Johannes Gutenberg, made books cheaper and more accessible, and permitted the spread of info and knowledge outside of local jurisdictions. | The Guttenberg press |
| a market-research strategy that divides consumers into types and measures psychological factors, including how consumers think and feel about products and how they achieve (or do not achieve) the lifestyles to which they aspire. | Values and Lifestyles (VALS) |
| in public relations, thirty- to ninety-second visual press releases designed to mimic the style of a broadcast news report. | video news releases (VNRs) |
| short videos or other content that (marketers hope) will quickly gain widespread attention as users share it with friends online or by word of mouth. | viral marketing |
| The interpretation stage involves _____. | asking the "So what?" question about your findings |
| An example of the last stage of the critical process might be | writing a letter to a lawmaker asking her/him to support a specific media policy |
| Which of the following is the correct order for the linear model of mass communication? | sender, message, mass media channel, receiver |
| The linear communication model can be criticized on the grounds that... | It suggests a simple, consistent flow, and the identical message that is sent is the one received |
| What do the symphony, art museums, and classic literature have in common? | They are examples of "high" culture. |
| What is an example of a cultural change resulting from media convergence? | We are increasingly consuming information in different forms of media. |
| ____________ is the ability to think critically about messages sent to a general, undifferentiated public from media organizations and advertisers. | media literacy |
| ___________ culture is people taking a break at the office, talking to coworkers about a TV show that everyone watched last night. | water cooler |
| Digital literacy is different from media literacy because ____________ has changed how we communicate, what we consume, across what platforms we consume it, and via what devices. | technology |
| Online waves of news and information from the 1990s to the present are represented by weapons focusing in more on targets (from bazooka, to shotgun to handgun to magnifying glass). This is to determine what idea? | That technology has evolved the way we send messages to consumers of news and information in the digital world from broadcasting (mass focus) to narrowcasting (targeting audiences). |
| True or False? "The symbols of expression that individuals, groups and societies use to make sense of daily life and to articulate their values," is the definition of culture. | True |
| The video, "The Distortion of Sound," focused on the challenges artists have with this. | Compression of digital music |
| This unethical practice involved giving DJs money to get more air time for artists. | Payola |
| Rock 'n' roll took its roots from several kinds of music, but especially this kind. | Rhythm and Blues |
| Orson Welles and the Mercury Theater troupe created a radio show that provoked an unusual reaction among its listeners. The show was "War of the Worlds." What happened? | A broadcaster cut in the middle of a musical interlude, saying we were being invaded by Mars, and listeners believed it. |
| He was an early radio mogul, head of RCA and later NBC. He promoted AM radio over FM. | David Sarnoff |
| Little Richard and Pat Boone were involved in one of these battles in early rock 'n' roll. | White artists profiting from covering black artists' music. |
| This file format developed in 1992 and enables digital recordings to be compressed into smaller more manageable files. Computer users began swapping these music files online | MP3 |
| The Telecommunications Act of 1996 did which of the following? | It eliminated most communications ownership restrictions. |
| "The symbols of expression that individuals, groups and societies use to make sense of daily life and to articulate their values," is the definition of ___________________. | culture |
| The system of management (rather than deejays) controlling programming is known as _____. | format radio |
| "War of the Worlds" by Orson Welles emphasized this element of radio. | All of these are correct The authority of this medium The credibility of this medium Trust of this medium |
| Nickelodeons were ________________. | Cheap, store-front theaters with small screens |
| Which is NOT a part of Vertical integration of all three levels of the movie business? | Exhibition |
| One of the first narrative films, directed by Georges Méliès in 1902 | A Trip to the Moon |
| The silent era ended in 1927 with what famous "talking" movie? | The Jazz Singer |
| Which of the following is the correct order for the linear model of mass communication? (Gatekeeper is not mentioned in this series.) | sender, message, mass media channel, receiver |
| True or False The first movie was a series of moving pictures of a camel | False |
| True or false The Studio System left control to the creative talent in the movie industry. | False |
| What American and what French filmmaker are considered the pioneers of narrative film? | Edwin Porter and George Melies |
| This type of early 1900s place to view films had a large, single screen, comfortable seating and an opulent setting. | Movie Palace |
| In 1947, in the wake of the Cold war with the Soviet Union, conservative members of Congress began investigating Hollywood for communist ties. Anti-communist "witch hunts" began by the House Un-American Activities Committee. The hearing were known as | Hollywood 10 |
| A sensationalist method of reporting the news, based in over dramatization of events and in some cases fabricating facts. | Yellow Journalism |
| A newspaper publisher was acquitted of libel charges against New York's colonial governor, in an early landmark moment for the free press and the American legal system. | Zenger Trial |
| Orson Welles and the Mercury Theater troupe created a radio show that provoked an unusual reaction among its listeners. The show was "War of the Worlds." What happened? | A broadcaster cut in the middle of a musical interlude, saying we were being invaded by aliens from outer space, and many listeners believed it. |
| This historical event was influenced by William Randolph Hearst and yellow journalism | Spanish American War |
| Marshall McLuhan coined this famous phrase about media: | 'The Medium is the Message' |
| True or False Both Radio Acts of 1912 and 1927 dealt with payment to artists. | False |
| Produced originally in Chicago, this radio show ran from the late 1920's to the early 1960s, was immensely popular, but presented troubling sterotypes of African Americans. | Amos and Andy |
| True or false Edison, the inventor of the light bulb, also invented the first moving picture. | False |
| The network era of television was dominated by these three broadcasters | CBS, NBC, ABC |
| In 2001 the US Supreme Court ruled in favor of the music industry declaring free music file swapping illegal and in violation of music copyrights held by recording labels and artists. This case was a ruling against _______. | Napster |
| This step of the 5 step media analysis involves asking and answering "What does that mean?" and "So what?" questions about one's findings | Interpretation |
| How is a judgment reached as part of the critical process different from a "simple" opinion? | A critical process judgment is supported by careful observation and investigation that helps to remove or minimize the influence of social or cultural biases and prejudices. |
| There were many top-rated TV programs in the 1950s that included the sponsor's name in the title. Having a single sponsor for the show meant that the advertiser could easily do what? | Influence the program's content. |
| The Network Era of television introduced what to the viewing audience? | Variety shows |
| According to Marshall McLuhan, a "hot" medium was: | high definition, offering an abundance of information |
| _____ is the hallmark of the digital era of television. | Streaming |
| We are increasingly consuming information in different forms of media as an aftermath of this innovation: | Media convergence |
| This author designed to reframe the history of the United States as one that is undeniably intertwined with the horrors of slavery and the struggle of Black Americans to make this country live up to its promise of democracy for all. | Nikole Hannah-Jones |
| Making careful observations and conducting experiments is an example of this step in the media criticism process. | Description |
| With this decision, the govt. increased scrutiny of the movie industry's business practices and attempted to break vertical oligopoly. Over time, the studios were forced to divest themselves of their theaters. | Paramount Decision |
| Newspapers are designed around ad space first, the remaining space is filled with news stories. This is called the ____ | newshole |
| _________ ____________ is the ability to think critically about messages sent to a general, undifferentiated public from media organizations and advertisers. | media literacy |
| The style of writing that puts the most important and relevant information first followed by lesser degrees of important information is known as: | inverted pyramid |
| True or False? The outcome of the Zenger trial was a step backward for U.S. press freedom. | False |
| The Greek philosopher offered an early ethical concept, the "golden mean"—a guideline for seeking balance between competing positions. this was a desirable middle ground between extreme positions | Aristotle |
| The celebrities themselves vouch for a product by giving testimonials about it. The product or service is promoted through the help of the fame of the celebrity. | famous-person testimonial |
| first amendment provides for what? | Congress will make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting its free exercise. It protects freedom of speech, the press, assembly, and the right to petiton. |
| Aristotle's guidline for achiving virtue and morality. Suggested that there was a middle ground between two extreme competing positions. | Golden Mean |
| symbolized by the rise of the cable news pundit that serves as a kind of "expert," in place of elements like verified facts, authentic documents, and actual experts. | journalism of assertion |
| when virtual life (social media) is so compelling that we think we are actually accomplishing something in real life | Popularity Effect |
| spoken language that defames one's character | slander |
| a model for journalism and speech in which the press functions as a Fourth Estate, monitoring the three branches of government for abuses of power and providing information necessary for self-governance | social responsibility model |
| Traditionally, these people made decisions about what news and information people could see and consume. Making these decisions has changed based on technology. Today, fewer people are keeping information from consumers. This is an example of | Gatekeepers |
| Name the 5-step critical process, in order. | Description•Analysis•Interpretation•Evaluation•Engagement |
| True or False? The Web and the Internet are the same things--their definitions are interchangeable. | False |
| True or False? There is some overlap between the Electronic and Digital Eras of Communication. | True |
| Both Radio Acts of 1912 and 1927 dealt with which issue: payment to artists or licensing? | licensing |
| Since the 1930s, the period of heaviest radio listening has shifted to | drive time |
| Rock 'n' roll took its roots from several kinds of music, but especially this this kind. | Rhythm and Blues |
| The Semantic Web analyzes and organizes content on the web. It is best represented by | Search engines |
| True or False? Narrowcasting targets media to specific segments of the audience. | True |
| True or False? After 1957, TV quiz shows were known for setting a tone of honesty and high ethical standards. | False |
| In libel law, a reckless disregard for the truth, such as when a reporter or an editor knows that a statement is false and prints or airs it anyway | actual malice |
| Making the fake seem more attractive than the real | Artificial Crocodile Effect |
| Communication where the message is being sent and received at different times. Examples are emails, prerecorded messages, or text messages | asynchronous communication |
| Electronically published books. They allow the reader to consume books while doing something else | Audio books |
| An advertising strategy that uses exaggerated claims that everyone is using a particular product to encourage consumers to not be left behind | bandwagon effect |
| the legal right of authors and producers to own and control the use of their published or unpublished writing, music,etc | copyright |
| making artificial experiences seem real. | Disneyland Effect |
| first mass marketed media products | books |
| an unofficial branch of government that monitors the legislative, judicial, and executive branches for abuses of power and provides information necessary for self-governance, also known as journalism | Fourth Estate |
| profanity that does not rise to the level of obscenity | indecency |
Created by:
kaitlyndraegerbowie