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Psych. Unit 5 Part 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This is the persistence of learning through the storage and retrieval of information | Memory |
| What is the process of getting information into memory called? | Encoding |
| After looking up a friend’s phone number, Alex was able to remember it only long enough to dial it correctly. Where was this memory stored? | Short -term |
| Flashbulb memory would be stored where? | Long-term |
| When a psych teacher is lecturing and you are thinking about competing in a swim meet later that afternoon. Your thought’s are being processed where? | Working memory |
| Encoding that occurs with no effort or a minimal level of conscious attention | Automatic processing |
| When you meet someone and repeat their name several times in your mind to remember it you are doing what? | Rehearsal |
| The effect that makes you tend to recall the last items in a list shortly after hearing a list | Recency effect |
| The process by which information is encoded | Semantic encoding |
| The type of encoding that encodes sound, especially the sounds of words | Acoustic encoding |
| The letters YMOMRE are presented. Jill remembers them by rearranging them to spell the word “MEMORY.” This provides an illustration of what | Chunking |
| Exceptionally clear memories of emotionally significant events (because the body”s release of stress hormones helps facilitate memories) | Flashbulb memories |
| Unlike implicit memories, explicit memories are processed by what part of the brain. | Hippocampus |
| These types of memories include memory for general knowledge. | Explicit memories |
| The cerebellum is to ____ memory as hippocampus is to ____ memory. | Implicit; explicit |
| When retrieving memories, like the name of an old teacher, you would have a better chance of remembering her if you saw her at the school then if you saw her at a store. What principle is involved in this? | Encoding specificity principle |
| When you are depressed you remember depressing events and when you are happy you remember happy events. | Mood congruent memory |
| What can you do to prevent encoding failure | Do effortful processing |
| What is the type of motivated forgetting when you forget things that caused anxiety in your life | Repression |
| Type of forgetting usually due to an accident or surgery where you can recall your past but not form new memories | Anterograde amnesia |
| You get a new PIN for your bank and your well-rehearsed old PIN may interfere with your retrieval of your new PIN | Proactive interference |
| Tik Tok stars play familiar songs with “new” words and you have trouble remembering the old “real” lyrics to the song | Retroactive interference |
| Many experimental participants who were asked how fast two cars in a filmed traffic accident were going when they smashed into each other subsequently recalled seeing broken glass at the scene of the accident. This experiment best illustrates what? | Misinformation effect |
| Marci vividly remembered winning a stuffed animal at a carnival game when she was a child. However, when she mentioned this to her parents, she was told that the event never occurred. Marci’s experience may have been influenced by what? | Imagination inflation |
| Police interrogators have been trained to ask less suggestive and more effective questions to avoid what effect? | Misinformation effect |
| Give an example of a studying technique that would allow you to encode memory semantically | Taking text and class notes in your own words |
| Professor Lee’s research focuses on the impact of prototypes on the speed of object recognition and identification. Which specialty area does this research best represent? | Cognitive psychology |
| When we use the word “automobile” to refer to a category of transport vehicles, we are using this word as what? | Concept |
| A category of objects, events, or people | Prototype |
| To promote cognitive efficiency, concepts are often organized into what | Category hierarchies |
| When someone mentions hamburgers, Trisha immediately thinks of McDonald’s. In this instance, McDonald’s is what | Prototype |
| Logical, methodical step-by-step procedures for solving problems | algorithm |
| What we tend to rely on when we are trying to solve potentially complicated problems quickly | Heuristics |
| The sudden comprehension of the double meaning of a humorous pun best illustrates what type of strategy. | Insight |
| What kind of thinking would you have to use if someone asked you to write down as many words as you could think of that contained the letter d. | Divergent thinking |
| What kind of thinking would you be using when generating the single correct answer to an intelligence test question | Convergent |
| What type of motivation is important for the most creative scientists? | Intrinsic motivation |
| People have a tendency to search for information that supports their preconceptions. This tendency is called what? | Confirmation bias |
| Brainstorming sessions that encourage people to spontaneously suggest new and unusual solutions to a problem are designed to avoid people’s inability to take on a new perspective? What is this inability called? | Fixations |
| The tendency to approach a problem in a way that has been successful in the past. | Mental set |
| The tendency to think of objects only in terms of their normal uses | Functional fixedness |
| Our tendency to judge the likelihood of category membership by how closely an object or event resembles a particular prototype | Representative heuristic |
| Many people overestimate how long they actually remain awake during restless nights because their moments of wakefulness are easier to recall than their moments of sleep. This best illustrates what | Availability heuristic |
| Stockbrokers often believe that their own expertise will enable them to select stocks that will outperform the market average. This belief best illustrates what | Overconfidence |
| In contrast to our explicit conscious reasoning, our seemingly effortless and automatic feelings or thoughts are called what | Intuitions |
| The various vowel sounds that can be place between a t and an n produce words such as tan, ten tin, and ton. These small distinctive sounds represent what? | Phonemes |
| How many phonemes and morphemes are in the word cats | 3 and 1 |
| To combine words into grammatically sensible sentences, we need to apply proper rules of what | Syntax |
| The rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences | Semantics |
| Babies’ first demonstration of productive language is called what stage? | Babbling stage |
| Telegraphic speech is most closely associated with the ____ stage of language development | Two |
| It is difficult to explain language acquisition solely in terms of imitation and reinforcement because children generate all sorts of sentences they have never heard before. This led to Chomsky coming up with what theory? | Acquisition learning theory |
| People’s procedural memory of how to open the front door of their house is most likely to consist of what | A mental image |
| Using barely recognizable syllables to communicate meaning best illustrates a 12-month-old’s developing capacity for _____ as opposed to receptive language | Productive Language |
Created by:
omowens