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BIOCHEM CH 12
Final exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| fates of glucose 6-phosphate | glycolysis to produce NADH, ATP, and pyruvate, gluconeogenesis in liver to produce glucose, glycogen production in liver and muscle cells, pentose phosphate pathway to generate NADPH, ribose 5 phosphate, and GAP and F 6 P |
| pentose phosphate pathway location | cytoplasm of all cells |
| PPP general reaction | - G 6 P is oxidized and 2 NADPH are produced, lose one CO2 - Ribulose 5 phosphate is converted to ribose 5 phosphate - Ribose 5 phosphate is converted to GAP and F 6 P |
| NADPH | PPP product, high energy and electron carrier for anabolic reactions, used in detox as an antioxidant |
| Ribose 5 phosphate | - PPP product: stops at R5P and used in nucleotide biosynthesis - PPP metabolic intermediate: R5P converted to GAP and F 6 P and shunted to glycolysis or to liver for gluconeogenesis |
| what metabolites in the PPP are shared with glycolysis and gluconeogenesis? | G 6 P, GAP, and F 6 P |
| PPP: Oxidative phase (1) | irreversible reaction that produces NADPH, first enzyme if G 6 P dehydrogenase |
| oxidative phase reaction | G 6 P + 2 NADP+ + H2O --> ribulose 5 P + 2 NADPH + CO2 + 2H+ |
| PPP: Non-oxidative phase (2) | reversible interconversion of sugars, produces ribose 5 phosphate and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis intermediates |
| non-oxidative phase reaction | ribulose 5 phosphate <--> ribose 5 phosphate <--> GAP and F 6 P |
| what are the products of the non oxidative phase used for? | GAP and F 6 P: shunted to glycolysis and gluconeogenesis Ribose 5 phosphate: nucleotide synthesis |
| PPP net reaction | - G 6 P oxidized, 2 NADP+ reduced --> ribulose 5 phosphate --> ribose 5 phosphate --> GAP and F 6 P |
| where is CO2 released in metabolic pathways? | - released in mitochondria during CAC - released in cytosol during PPP |
| PPP regulation | glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase is the first enzyme of the irreversible step of the oxidative phase |
| PPP regulation: NADPH | inhibits G 6 P dehydrogenase |
| PPP regulation: NADP+ | activates G 6 P dehydrogenase |
| how PPP is used depends on the cells need for: | NADPH, ribose 5 phosphate, nucleotides, and ATP |
| what cellular conditions cause activation of the PPP? | if the cell needs NADPH, high NADP+ activates G 6 P dehydrogenase and PPP |
| what cellular conditions would cause the PPP to stop at ribose 5 phosphate? | if the cell needs nucleotides and not ATP |
| what cellular conditions will cause F 6 P reverse conversion to ribose 5 phosphate? | if the cell needs nucleotides and not ATP, and has high NADPH |
| what will happen if: the cell has enough nucleotides but needs more NADPH | G 6 P dehydrogenase would be activated to convert G6P to ribulose 5 phosphate for NADPH production, it would go through all of phase two to produce ATP because the cell doesn't need nucleotides |
| what will happen if: cell needs more of both NADPH and nucleotides | G 6 P dehydrogenase would be activated, G 6 P will be converted to ribulose 5 phosphate to produce more NADPH, ribulose 5 phosphate is converted to ribose 5 phosphate and stops there for nucleotide synthesis |
| what will happen if: cell needs more NADPH and ATP | G 6 P dehydrogenase would be activated to convert G 6 P to ribulose 5 phosphate to produce NADPH, it would go through all of phase two to produce GAP and F 6 P to go to glycolysis for ATP production |
| what will happen if: cell has enough NADPH but needs more nucleotides | G 6 P dehydrogenase would be inhibited, so F 6 P would undergo a reverse reaction to produce ribose 5 phosphate for nucleotide synthesis |
Created by:
r.logan6029
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