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western civics
ch 15-18
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is a Balance of Power? | the principle that no one country should be powerful enough to destabilize international relations |
| Briefly explain why the theory of absolutism became popular in the seventeenth century. | A desire for order after the chaos and war of the previous century |
| What was the death toll in Germany from the Thirty Years’ War? | Killed 1/3 of the town dwellers and nearly half those who lived in the countryside. |
| Where were the most profitable French colonies located? | Saint- Dominque (Haiti)- in the Caribbean |
| In England, Charles II triggered a crisis not unlike that produced by his father’s rule when he took what action? | He began modelling his kingship on the absolutism of Louis XIV. |
| The Act of Toleration of 1689 granted what to Protestant dissenters? | It granted protestants dissenters the right to worship freely in England |
| England’s Glorious Revolution created the necessary climate to increase the power of which sector of the population? | Commercial classes |
| What was the governmental system used by the United Provinces in the Netherlands throughout the seventeenth century? | A republic |
| Briefly describe the new diplomatic goal that emerged in western and central Europe in the mid-seventeenth century. | Balance of power politics |
| How did the Treaty of Utrecht (1713) alter the balance of power in Europe? | It gave Great Britain trading rights and desirable French territory in the New World. |
| The balance of power in central and eastern Europe was reshaped at the end of the seventeenth and beginning of the eighteenth centuries because of the decline in the power of which empire? | The ottoman empire |
| The centralization of state power in eastern Europe came at the expense of the freedom of which demographic group? | Freedom of Peasants |
| A British philosopher argued that governments were instituted to protect the natural rights of the governed, to include life, liberty, and property. | John Locke |
| According to the textbook, what three things does science entail? | A body of knowledge, a system of inquiry, and a community of practitioners |
| What was the philosophy of the Neo-Platonists? | they searched for the ideal and perfect structures that they felt must lie behind the “shadows” of the everyday world |
| What was the general European conception of the universe before Copernicus? | earth was at the center and heaven circled around it |
| Galileo concluded that the Copernican hypothesis was correct after observing what? | The moons of Jupiter |
| Sir Francis Bacon pioneered the inductive approach to knowledge, which held that one should what? | One should amass evidence from specific observations to draw general conclusions |
| The bulk of the philosophy of René Descartes may be summed up by what statement? | “I think, therefore I am” |
| Which scientist demonstrated the ability of mathematics to explain the workings of the universe? | Isaac newton |
| Briefly explain what Cartesian philosopher François Poullain de la Barre meant when he declared that “the mind has no sex.” | Women possessed the same brains, nervous systems and senses as men, it was worth asking why they didn’t occupy the same roles in society |
| what is Tabula rasa? | an important implication of John Locke; that the environment determines all social progress |
| What is Deism? | a religion where god made the universe but did not actively intervene in earthly affairs |
| What is a Salon? | the philosophies of the 18th century used people’s houses in which to meet and converse on a more informal basis than that provided by the royal academies. |
| Briefly explain the causes behind why the eighteenth century saw significant population growth in Western Europe. | Cheaper food and declines in mortality from infectious diseases. |
| Why did the philosophes of the Enlightenment, as exemplified by Voltaire, particularly admire England? | Its constitutional monarchy and policy of religious toleration |
| In The Spirit of Laws, Baron de Montesquieu argued in favor of what? | Of the separation and balancing of the powers of government |
| Which philosophe was opposed to the Church’s influence over society because of his distinguishing between religious belief and the Church as an institution and dogma? | Voltaire |
| Unlike the French physiocrats, who believed that the wealth of a nation came from the land and agricultural production, Adam Smith believed that the wealth of a nation came from its what? | labor |
| For Rousseau, what was the source of inequity in society and the corruptor of the social contract. | private property |
| What was the argument made by Mary Wollstonecraft in her Vindication of the Rights of Woman? | All men and women share a common capacity for reason and self-government |
| Both the War of the Austrian Succession and the Seven Years’ War were driven by a conflict between Austria and what power? | Prussia |
| What was the outcome of The Seven Years’ War? | The British defeated the French in North America, opening tge way for England to become the world’s greatest colonial power |
| Economically, why did Europe remain a primarily rural society during the Enlightenment? | wealth became more concentrated in towns and where preindustrial production took root |
| What is the Tennis Court Oath? | 3rd estate renamed to national assembly. locked out of the Estates general meeting at Versailles. they met at another site at Versailles and affirmed it wouldn’t separate until a constitution for France had been drafted |
| What is the Continental System? | the economic system created by Napoleon Bonaparte to starve British |
| French society in the eighteenth century was influenced by a new, emerging group composed of which demographic sectors of society? | Officeholders, professionals, merchants, and the aristocracy |
| The French financial system was brought to the brink of collapse because of Louis XVI’s support of what? | The British colonist in North America in their war of independence from Great Britain |
| The Fall of the Bastille, the “Great Fear,” and the “October Days” were all important because they reflected what in French society? | Reflected the depth of discontent on the part of the French people in 1789 |
| Briefly explain what types of rights were specified in The National Assembly’s 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. | Gave equal political and social rights to all men and women |
| When the Committee of Public Safety fell from power in 1794, it was replaced by a more moderate group known as what? | Directory |
| In 1798, the French under Napoleon Bonaparte’s command attempted to defeat the British by attacking which region? | Egyptian and near eastern colonies |
| The Napoleonic Code was based on what two principles? | Uniformity and individualism |
| Which countries were not part of the alliance to defeat Napoleon at Leipzig? | Poland |
| Napoleon Bonaparte was defeated for the last time in Belgium at which battle? | Battle of Waterloo |
| Briefly explain why the Haitian Revolution was important. | It was the only successful slave revolution in history |
Created by:
tanyacru3