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Renaissance&Reformat
Renaissance&Reformation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ¨Renaissance Man¨ | A person who excelled in many areas |
| Council of Trent | - Catholic reply to Protestant reformation - reaffirmed the authority of Catholic Church condemned the Protestant Reformation as heresy - prohibited Sale of Indulgences. |
| Vernacular - | the language of medieval everyday life |
| Simony = | the selling or buying of a position in a christian church |
| Individualism = | the idea that people are responsible for their own well-being. emphasis on individual not group. |
| Usury - | illegal action of lending money at unreasonably high rates of interest. |
| Humanism = | movement of new interest in the classical world and studies less focused on religion and more on humans values and dignity. (inspired by Greek and Roman literature.) |
| Secular = | concerned with worldly themes rather than spiritual matters. (non-religion stuff) |
| Renaissance - | the revival of art & literature. Culture awakening in Europe started in italy, inspired by Greek and Roman ideas. |
| Renaissance (causes) - | more trade between Europe and Islamic Empire - preservation of Greco-Roman - More trade = more money. |
| Erasmus = | wrote Praise of Folly |
| Niccolo Machiavelli = | - wrote the Prince (handbook for princes on ruling ((how to acquire power, create a state, keep it)) - supported absolute power - end justifies means - try to do good, evil if needed |
| Pope Leo X Medici = | - pope during height of church corruption - ordered luther to give up his beliefs - Luther was excommunicated |
| The Index of Prohibited Books | - established by Roman Catholic Church in an attempt to combat the spread of the writings of the Protestant Reformation |
| Theology = | study of religion and god |
| Theocracy = | government controlled by religious leaders |
| Reconquista = | series of campaigns by Christian states to expel Muslims Moors in the Iberian Peninsula. (devout christian faith) |
| Heresy = | belief contrary to official teachings of the church. |
| Edict of Worms = | Charles V banned Luther´s writings and declared him as outlaw heretic - New religious group formed = Lutherans |
| Catholic Reformation = | - response to Protestant reformation - a religious movement that aims to reform Catholic Church, get church members to remain loyal, eliminate some of the abuses of the Protestants were against (indulgences, pope authority abuse) |
| Predestination = | God already chose who to go to heaven, not by good work, can´t change destiny - moral lives reveal to heaven or hell. |
| John Calvin = | - made predestination - published Institutes of the Christian Religion on Protestantism |
| Ignatius of Loyola (1534) | Spanish soldier turned priest founded the Jesuit order as part of the Catholic Counter Reformation |
| Protestant = | Christians who belonged to Non - Catholic Churches |
| Indulgence = | - certificate (can be bought from the church) to pardon sins. |
| King of England , Henry VIII | - He and Catherine had Mary but no male heir, wanted divorce - Pope refused - Henry called on Parliament to pass laws ending pope´s power in England and legalize divorce - made Supremacy Act |
| Supremacy Act = | Henry VIII breaks from the Catholic Church and declared himself head of church of England. |
| Reformation = | Religious movement that rejected the pope authority |
| Causes of Reformation = | - 100 years war and Black Death - Clergy was uneducated - Busy with world affairs, not spiritual work - Scientific advances which contradicted the Catholic Church - Indulgences and Bible over Pope |
| Italian Renaissance vs. Northern Renaissance | IR = focused on secular concerns and advancing the individual NR = focused on reforming society based on Christian Principles. Both focused on Humanistic studies |
| Patron = | person who founded art - basically made Renaissance in Florence |
| Italian Renaissance (WHY?) = | Thanks to immense wealth gathering in Italian Peninsula, rich people spent money on buildings, info, art. They wanted to flaunt their money. |
| Italian Renaissance (HOW?) = | Italian Peninsula was the center of many trade routes many trade routes = lots of money |
| The Peace of Augsburg (1555) = | grants toleration to Lutherans in Holy Roman Empire. |
| Martin Luther | - publishes New Testament in Germany - posted 95 Theses as a protest to the Catholic Church. - believed in salvation by faith alone not by good works |
| Statue of David sculpted by ____________ who was influenced by _______ and ______ sculpture. | Michelangelo Greek and Roman |
| Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel located in city of _________ printed by ____________. | Vaticon (Rome) Michelangelo |
| The _____ _________ built by Shah Jahan for his wife during the rule of the ________ empire in India. | Taj Mahal Mughal empire |
| The printing press invented by _____________ _______. Effects of this new innovation = ? | Johannes Gutenberg Effects = information could be spread quickly, more copies of books = spreading ideas + reading became accessible and affordable |
| Mona Lisa by _________ __ _____. This artist also filled notebooks with observations and sketches of ____________. | Leonardo da Vinci technology |
| The School of Athens by ___________ depicts the greatest ______ philosophers and shows the value of ___________ in Renaissance Art. | Raphael Greek philosophers Humanism |
| 3 ideas from Renaissance = | individualism , secular, Humanism |
| Sir Thomas More - | wrote Utopia |
| 30 years War | The main cause = Emperor Ferdinand II in forcing the protestants into Catholicism. The war ended with the Peace of Westphalia, a treaty that laid boundaries for European countries and recognized subsequent territorial sovereignty throughout Europe. |
| Edict of Nantes = | - issued under Henry of Navarre - effectively ended the French wars of Religion by granting official tolerance to French Protestants |
| Which of the following was one of Luther's main beliefs? (Important) | All people with faith were equal. |
| What was one of John Calvin's major teachings? (Important) | predestination |
| The technique known as perspective is most useful in the creation of? (Important) | two-dimensional art |
| Humanists would encourage someone to _____. (Important) | learn, read, and enjoy life |
| Luther protested the practice of selling indulgences. What was that practice? (Important) | Selling pardons or forgiveness for sins |
| In what way did Leonardo Da Vinci represent the Renaissance Man? (Important) | He was a painter, sculptor, inventor, and scientist. |
| Which English king had 6 wives because of his desire for a male heir? (Important) | Henry VIII |
| Who declared himself the head of the English Church? (Important) | Henry VIII |
| A person who produces work "in the vernacular" is one who? (Important) | writes in a local, rather than a classical, language |
| For what is the Medici family famous? (Important) | for being rulers and supporters of the arts |
| The best synonym for secular is? (Important) | worldly |
| Martin Luther protested the Catholic Church by doing what? (Important) | Nailing the 95 Theses to his church door |
| Which of the following was a major reason for the Reformation? (Important) | European merchants resented paying taxes to the Church in Rome. |
| The intellectual and cultural movement known as humanism arose from the study of? (Important) | classical Greek and Roman culture |
| Which of the following was agreed upon at the Council of Trent?(Important) | The Church's interpretation of the Bible was final |
| What artist painted the Sistine Chapel and Sculpted David? (Important) | Michelangelo |
| What book did Machiavelli write about how to be a powerful ruler? (Important) | The Prince |
| What was the Renaissance a rebirth of? (Important) | art and learning |
Created by:
Alynna