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2nd 9 weeks vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Carbohydrate | one or more sugar molecules |
| Cell theory | living things are made of one or more cells; the cell is the smallest unit of life; new cells come from preexisting cells |
| lipid | large macromolecule that does not dissolve in water |
| nucleic acid | macromolecule that forms when a long chain of nucleotides join together |
| protein | long chain of amino acid molecules |
| cell membrane | protects the inside of a cell from the environment |
| cell wall | stiff structure outside the cell membrane |
| chloroplast | membrane-bound organelle that uses light and energy and makes food |
| cytoplasm | fluid inside the cell that contains salts and other molecules |
| nucleus | directs all cells activities and contains DNA |
| organelle | membrane-bound cell structure with a specialized function |
| active transport | movement of substances through a cell membrane using the cell's energy |
| diffusion | movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| endocytosis | process during which a cell takes in a substance by surrounding it with the cell membrane |
| exocytosis | process during which a cell's vessels release their contents outside the cell |
| osmosis | diffusion of water molecule only through a membrane |
| passive transport | movement of substances through a cell membrane without using energy |
| cellular respiration | series of chemical reactions that convert energy in food molecules into ATP |
| fermentation | reaction used to obtain energy from food when oxygen levels are low |
| glycolysis | process by which a glucose is broken down |
| photosynthesis | series of reactions that convert light energy, water, and CO2 into glucose and give off oxygen |
| Centromere | structure that holds sister chromatids together |
| cytokinesis | division of a cell's cytoplasm and contents |
| daughter cells | two new cells that result from mitosis and cytokinesis |
| eukaryotic | cell with membrane bound structures |
| interphase | cell's period of growth and development |
| mitosis | division of a cell's nucleus and contents |
| Sister Chromatids | One of the two identical strands of DNA that make up a duplicated chromosome |
| Cell differentiation | process by which cells become different types |
| Organ | group of different tissues working together to perform a particular job |
| stem cell | unspecialized cell that develops into many different cell types |
| tissue | group of similar types of cells that work together to carry out specific tasks |
| diploid | describes a cell that has pairs of chromosomes |
| DNA | genetic info in a cell |
| egg | a female sex cell |
| fertilization | joining of an egg and sperm |
| haploid | describes a cell that has only one chromosome from each pair |
| meiosis | process in which one diploid cell divides to make haploid sex cells |
| sexual reproduction | production of offspring from the combination of genetic materials from two cells |
| sperm | a male sex cell |
| zygote | a new cell formed through fertilization |
| dominant trait | genetic factor that blocks another genetic factor |
| genetics | study of how traits are passed from parents to offspring |
| heredity | passing of traits are passed from parents to offspring |
| recessive trait | genetic factor that is blocked by the presence of a dominant factor |
| budding | asexual reproduction in which a new organism grows on the body of its parent |
| cloning | lab procedure that produces identical individuals from a cell or cells taken from an organism |
| fission | cell division in prokaryotes that forms two genetically identical cells |
| regeneration | asexual reproduction in which new organism grows from a piece of its parent |
| Vegetative Reproduction | asexual reproduction in which offspring grow from a part of a parent plant |
| allele | different form of a gene |
| gene | section on a chromosome that has genetic information for one trait |
| genotype | two alleles that control the phenotype of a trait |
| heterozygous | having two different alleles of a gene |
| homozygous | having the same two alleles of a gene |
| phenotype | how a trait appears or is expressed |
Created by:
Hannah.hornsbyyy