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Chapter 11 Final
Study questions from quizzes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| As Darlene takes a bite of pizza, she thinks, “There’s a little too much oregano in this sauce.” According to Freud, which level of awareness does this scenario best represent? | The conscious |
| Which of the following scenarios is an example of displacement? | Eli kicks the family dog after his father scolds him for failing to do his chores. |
| Which of the following is characteristic of the latency stage of psychosexual development? | An interest in school, hobbies, and same-sex friends |
| Which of Freud’s ideas has the most support among modern psychologists? | His assertion that problems in adulthood can result from childhood trauma or conflict |
| According to Carl Jung, the belief in God can be explained largely by the | collective unconscious. |
| According to Abraham Maslow, which is the highest level of personality development? | Self-actualization |
| Forty-year-old Marguerite is quitting a good-paying job and moving from her hometown to work as a Peace Corps volunteer in Nigeria. Her behavior would seem to support Abraham Maslow’s theory that | esteem needs can sometimes become more important than lower needs. |
| Jaime’s parents give him rewards when his behavior meets their standards, but they punish him when they disapprove of his behavior. Carl Rogers would say that Jaime is experiencing | conditions of worth. |
| Self-esteem can best be defined as | a person’s sense of self-worth |
| Which of the following scenarios is most likely to enhance the individual’s self-esteem? | Alyssa has been working hard to improve her grade in math. Today, she got an A on her math quiz. |
| When asked to describe her friend, Stephen, Midori replied that he is generous, kind, and funny. According to Gordon Allport, Midori has just described some of Stephen’s | central traits. |
| According to Hans Eysenck, which of the following personality factors represents the extent to which an individual is connected to reality? | Psychoticism |
| Studies indicate that people who are high in extraversion and people who are high in agreeableness may both be more likely to | engage in risky behavior. |
| Studies of personality provide evidence for which of the following? | Genetic contributions influence personality. |
| Which of the following examples reflects an individualist culture? | Making a career choice based on interests and skills |
| According to Walter Mischel, the effect of traits on behavior depends on | the situation. |
| Albert Bandura theorized that personality is influenced by the mutual interaction of person, behavior, and | environment. |
| Which of these assertions about personality was challenged by Walter Mischel? | The idea that an individual’s personality traits dictate her behavior across all situations |
| As Martin trots out onto the field to kick the game-winning field goal, he tells himself, “I can do this. I’m a good kicker. I’m going to make this field goal.” Bandura would say that Martin | has a high level of self-efficacy. |
| Someone with an internal locus of control is likely to perceive individual success as | the result of hard work. |
| The tendency of raters to make an overall judgement of a person based on one or a few favorable or unfavorable traits is called | the halo effect. |
| The major limitation of rating scales is that | ratings are often subjective. |
| Individuals who score low in extraversion on the five-factor model of personality would be likely to score high on which of the following MMPI scales? | Social introversion |
| A major difference between the MMPI-2 and the CPI is that | the CPI does not focus exclusively on psychopathology. |
| The Rorschach test is commonly used to | identify defense mechanisms and predict behavior. |
| Which of the following is a characteristic of the ego? | Current state of awareness |
| According to Freud, if a psychosexual conflict is not readily resolved, the child may develop a(n) | fixation. |
| Which of the following is a direct descendant of Freud’s techniques? | Psychodynamic therapies |
| Which of the following correctly describes the views of Karen Horney? | Neurosis is the source of inner conflict. |
| A person’s sense of self-esteem has become fairly stable by the time he or she | has reached adolescence. |
| According to Cattell, observable qualities of personality are evidence of deeper factors called | source traits. |
| Waiting in line at the coffee shop for her latte, Brenda huffs and puffs, rolls her eyes in exasperation, and whispers “hurry up!” under her breath. Based on the five-factor model of personality, Brenda appears to be | high in neuroticism. |
| Which of the following scenarios would be evidence that environment affects personality traits? | Identical twins raised by different sets of parents have completely different personalities. |
| Which of the following attributes reflects a collectivist culture? | Getting parental consent before relocating for a job |
| Luis happens to run into an old friend while he’s out shopping one afternoon. This encounter enters the reciprocal determinism model at which point | Environment |
| Someone with low self-efficacy is most likely to | feel apathetic and helpless. |
| In which type of assessment does an examiner ask a series of questions in a set order? | Structured interview |
| Which of the following is one of the dimensions of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator? | Intuition |
| A researcher shows Reniece a series of inkblots and asks her to say what she thinks the inkblot looks like or resembles. What kind of test is Reniece taking? | A projective test |
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VPC