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Physics Ch. 13-15
Temperature and Kinetic Theory
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| temperature | the measure of how hot or cold a system is |
| heat | the energy which is transferred between 2 systems that are at different temperatures |
| thermal contact | when 2 systems can exchange energy via heat transfer |
| thermal equilibrium | when 2 systems are at the same temperature |
| Fahrenheit to Celsius | 5/9(T - 32) |
| absolute zero | zero on the Kelvin scale |
| ideal gas law | PV = nRT |
| Boltzmann's consant | K = 1.381*10^-23 J/K |
| universal gas constant | R = 8.134 J/(mol*K) |
| degrees of freedom | ways that a diatomic molecule can move - there are 5 |
| latent heat | the heat needed to change the phase of one kg of a substance |
| latent heat of fusion Lf | used when a solid changes to a liquid |
| latent heat of vaporization Lv | used when a liquid changes to a gas |
| positive Q | when heat is transferred to a system |
| negative Q | when heat is transferred from |
| convection | the transfer of heat due to the movement or circulation of material - natural or forced circulation |
| radiation | the transfer of energy without a medium |
| quasi-static | thermodynamic processes with slow changes between equilibrium states - they are reversible |
| isobaric processes | keep pressure constant |
| isochoric processes | keep volume constant |
| isothermal processes | keep temperature constant |
| adiabatic (isentropic) processes | allow no heat transfer |
| 1st law of thermodynamics | the internal energy U of a system is a measure of the total energy inside the system - a restatement of energy conservation |
| 2nd law of thermodynamics | heat spontaneously flows from a hot system to a cold one - Clausius statement |
| heat engine | a system that undergoes a series of thermodynamic processes that form a complete cycle (closed loop on a P-V diagram) |
| Carnot cycle | consists of 4 steps: isothermal expansion, adiabatic expansion, isothermal compression, and adiabatic compression - the most efficient engine possible |
| refrigerator | a heat engine ran in reverse - work is done on the system to force the heat to flow into the hot resevoir |
| Carnot refrigerator | the reverse cycle of a Carnot engine - the most efficient refrigerator possible |
| entropy | a state variable (only changes matter), delta S = Q/T |
Created by:
imr36093
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