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ANAPHY_URINARY
ANAPHY_FINALS
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| functions of urinary system | Elimination of waste products, Regulate aspects of homeostasis |
| organs in the urinary system | Kidneys, Ureters, Urinary bladder, Urethra |
| LOCATION OF KIDNEYS | Against the dorsal body wall |
| The right kidney is slightly________than the left | lower |
| Atop each kidney is an | adrenal gland |
| 2 coverings of kidneys | RENAL CAPSULE & ADIPOSE CAPSULE |
| covering of the kidney which surrounds each kidney | RENAL CAPSULE |
| covering of the kidney which surrounds the kidney and provides protection to the kidney | ADIPOSE CAPSULE |
| covering of the kidney that contains fat | ADIPOSE CAPSULE |
| covering of the kidney which helps keep the kidney in its correct location | ADIPOSE CAPSULE |
| 3 regions of kidneys | RENAL CORTEX, RENAL MEDULLA, and RENAL PELVIS |
| Outer region of kidney | RENAL CORTEX |
| region of kidney inside the cortex | RENAL MEDULLA |
| region of kidney which is the inner collecting tube | RENAL PELVIS |
| Triangular regions of tissues in the medulla of kidney | MEDULLARY PYRAMIDS |
| Extensions of cortex-like material inward in the kidney | RENAL COLUMNS |
| Cup-shaped structures that funnel urine towards the renal pelvis | CALYCES |
| Basic functional unit of kidneys | NEPHRON |
| do nephrons regenerate? | No |
| It filters the blood | NEPHRON |
| Responsible for forming urine | NEPHRONS |
| Main structures of the Nephrons | Glomerulus & Renal tubule |
| A specialized capillary bed | GLOMERULUS |
| Attached to arterioles on both sides | GLOMERULUS |
| arterioles attached on both sides of glomerulus | Large afferent arteriole & Narrow efferent arteriole |
| Capillaries in glomerulus are covered with | podocytes from the renal tubule |
| The glomerulus sits within a | glomerular capsule |
| first part of the renal tubule | glomerular capsule |
| also called bowman's | glomerular capsule |
| pushes the blood during the filtration | Hydrostatic pressure |
| Proximal convoluted tubule & Distal convoluted tubule | RENAL TUBULE |
| Loop of Henle | RENAL TUBULE |
| types of nephrons | CORTICAL NEPHRONS & JUXTAMEDULLARY NEPHRONS |
| type of nephron located entirely in the cortex | CORTICAL NEPHRONS |
| CORTICAL NEPHRONS includes | most of the nephrons |
| type of nephron found at the boundary of the cortex and medulla | JUXTAMEDULLARY NEPHRONS |
| Arise from efferent arteriole of the glomerulus | PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIES |
| Reabsorb (reclaim) some substances from collecting tubes | PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIES |
| Normal, low-pressure capillaries | PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIES |
| PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIES Cling close to the | renal tubule |
| URINE FORMATION PROCESSES | FILTRATION, TUBULAR REABSORPTION, & TUBULAR SECRETION |
| In this part of urine formation process, water and solutes smaller than proteins are forced through the capillary walls and pores of the glomerular capsule into the renal tubule. | FILTRATION |
| In this part of urine formation process, water, glucose, amino acids, and needed ions are transported out of the filtrate into the tubule cells and then enter the capillary blood. | TUBULAR REABSORPTION |
| In this part of urine formation process, H+, K+, creatinine, and drugs are removed from the peritubular blood and secreted by the tubule cells into the filtrate. | TUBULAR SECRETION |
| Nonselective passive process | FILTRATION |
| Some materials (hydrogen, potassium, creatinine) move from the peritubular capillaries into the renal tubules | SECRETION – REABSORPTION IN REVERSE |
| Materials left in the SECRETION – REABSORPTION IN REVERSE in renal tubule move toward the | ureter |
| urine colored somewhat yellow due to the pigment_____ | urochrome |
| urochrome is from the destruction of | hemoglobin |
| normal pH of urine | around 6 |
| Specific gravity of urine | 1.001 to 1.035 |
| increase or high specific gravity means | increase or high concentration of solutes |
| high specific gravity in urine can be found in patients with | dehydration or fluid volume deficit |
| decrease / low specific gravity in urine means | decrease / low concentration of solutes |
| low specific gravity in urine can be found in patients that has | fluid volume excess |
| Increase of bun and crea means | The kidneys are not functioning |
| Slender tubes attaching the kidney to the bladder | URETERS |
| URETERS enter the | posterior aspect of the bladder |
| URETERS Runs behind the | peritoneum |
| aids gravity in urine transport | Peristalsis |
| Smooth, collapsible, muscular sac | URINARY BLADDER |
| Temporarily stores urine | URINARY BLADDER |
| Debrussor muscle & Transitional epithelial tissue | URINARY BLADDER |
| term for URINARY BLADDER having three openings | trigone |
| where are the openings of urinary bladder | Two from the ureters; one to the urethra |
| The wall of urinary bladder has how many layers of smooth muscle | 3 |
| The wall of urinary bladder has mucosa made of | transitional epithelium |
| Bladder can expand significantly without | increasing internal pressure |
| Thin-walled tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body by peristalsis | URETHRA |
| What are the 2 sphincters which controls the release of urine | Internal urethral sphincter & External urethral sphincter |
| urethral sphincter that is involuntary | Internal urethral sphincter |
| urethral sphincter that is voluntary | External urethral sphincter; kegel’s exercise |
| which gender are prone at risk for Urinary Tract Infection(UTI) | females |
| urethral length in females | 3–4 cm (1 inch) |
| urethral length in males | 20 cm (8 inches) |
| location of urethra in females | along wall of the vagina |
| location of urethra in males | through the prostate and penis |
| function of urethra in males | carries urine and is a passageway for sperm cells |
| In Micturition or Voiding, the external urethral sphincter must be | voluntarily relaxed |
| The internal urethral sphincter is relaxed after | stretching of the bladder |
| normal amount of water in young adult female | 50% |
| normal amount of water in young adult male | 60% |
| normal amount of water in babies | 75% |
| normal amount of water in old age | 45% |
| what is the fluid called inside the cells | Intracellular fluid |
| what is the fluid called outside the cells | Extracellular fluid |
| fluids outside the cells | Interstitial fluid & Blood plasma |
| Changes in electrolyte balance | Alters blood volume and blood pressure |
| Changes in electrolyte balance can also | impair the activity of cells |
| Water intake must equal | water output |
| Sources for water intake | Ingested foods and fluids & Water produced from metabolic processes |
| Sources for water output | Vaporization out of the lungs, Lost in perspiration, Leaves the body in the feces, Urine production |
| Dilute urine is produced if water intake is | excessive |
| hormone that prevents excessive water loss in urine | Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
| regulates sodium ion content of extracellular fluid | Aldosterone |
| blood pH | 7.35 and 7.45 |
| urine pH | 4.5 to 8.0 |
| Most acid-base balance is maintained by the | kidneys |
| Other acid-base controlling systems | Blood buffers & Respiration |
| Molecules react to prevent dramatic changes in hydrogen ion (H+) concentrations | BLOOD BUFFERS |
| Bind to H+ when pH | drops |
| Release H+ when pH | rises |
| Three major chemical buffer systems | Bicarbonate buffer system, Phosphate buffer system, Protein buffer system |
| The bicarbonate buffer system is a mixture of | carbonic acid (H2CO3) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) |
| react with strong acids to change them to weak acids | Bicarbonate ions (HCO3–) |
| dissociates in the presence of a strong base to form a weak base and water | Carbonic acid |
| In the respiratory system controls of acid-balance, Carbon dioxide in the blood is converted to | bicarbonate ion and transported in the plasma |
| In the respiratory system controls of acid-balance, Increases in hydrogen ion concentration produces more | carbonic acid |
| In the respiratory system controls of acid-balance, Excess hydrogen ion can be blown off with the release of | carbon dioxide from the lungs |
| Respiratory rate can rise and fall depending on changing | blood pH |
| In the renal mechanisms of acid-base balance, they excrete | bicarbonate ions if needed |
| Functional kidneys are developed by the | third month |
| Urinary system of a newborn | Bladder is small & Urine cannot be concentrated |
| Control of the voluntary urethral sphincter does not start until age | 18 months |
| are the only common problems before old age | Urinary infections |
| Bowel control precedes | bladder control |
| As we grow older, there is a _________ in urinary function (incontinence) | progressive decline |
| The _________ shrinks with aging | bladder |
| Urinary retention is common in | males |
| Urinary retention is common in males due to | BPH and enlargement of prostate gland |
Created by:
ah_jusyyy