Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
FINAL 5-8
CHAPTER 5-8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| _____ is any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice. | Learning |
| After Little Albert acquired a conditioned fear of rats, Watson wanted to see how he would react to a white rabbit, cotton wool, and a Santa Claus mask. He was studying whether or not _____ had occurred. | generalization |
| As an infant, Serena received many penicillin injections from the doctor. When she later saw a photographer in a white coat that was similar to the doctor’s coat, she started to cry. This is an example of_____ | classical conditioning |
| Rescorla’s cognitive theory proposed that the real reason Pavlov’s dogs salivated to conditioned stimuli was that these stimuli allowed them to _____ | predict what food would come. |
| The notion that behaviors with desirable outcomes will likely be repeated is part of _____ | the law of effect. |
| Sofia loves that she gets attention from her kindergarten teacher every time she uses her manners. Because of it, she continues to use her manners. What does this demonstrate? | The law of effect |
| The type of learning in which the consequences of behavior are manipulated to increase or decrease the frequency of the behavior, or to shape an entirely new behavior, is _____ | operant conditioning. |
| A consequence that brings about an increase in the frequency of a behavior is a(n) _____; a consequence that decreases the frequency of a behavior is a(n) _____ | reinforcement; punishment. |
| Maryann’s parents want her to put her books in her bookcase. At first, they praise her for putting the books together in one pile. They praise her for getting the books on one side, gets on top of book case, and she puts the books on the case. Example of | shaping |
| Maddie trained her rat to press a bar in a Skinner box in order to get a food pellet. Maddie’s rat pressed the bar a lot. However, later when Maddie ran out of food pellets, her rat eventually stopped pressing the bar. What had happened? | extinction |
| Negative reinforcement will _____ a behavior. | increase |
| A teacher gives her class at least one unannounced quiz every week. The students never know which day it will fall on. The teacher is attempting to influence their study habits by using a _____ | variable-interval |
| Utilizing classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and/or observational learning in an effort to change behaviors is referred to as _____ | behaviors modification |
| An important aspect of time out that relates to its effectiveness is that it prevents the _____ from being _____ | unwanted behavior; reinforced |
| In terms of cognitive processing, a sudden realization of how to successfully solve or complete a problem is known as _____ | insight |
| Casey has just received her driver’s license and is now ready to drive to school. Although she’s never driven to her school before, Casey knows the way. The fact that Casey can drive herself to school suggests that _____ has occurred. | latent learning |
| Michael grows up in a home where his father is generally unloving toward his mother. He observes his father yell and degrade his mother, and he notices that his mother never resists this treatment. Base Bandur work, M rela when older is | Michael may treat women with discourtesy and disrespect, as he repeats the behavior he saw in his father. |
| Children and adolescents are often enticed into drug use, drinking and sexual behavior by observing these behaviors amongst their friends and acquaintances. Being influenced to exhibit behaviors that one has previously learned to supress is | disinhibitory effect. |
| According to the information-processing theorists, _____ refers to the hardware, whereas _____ refers to the software of the human memory system. | the brain structures involved in memory; learned memory strategies |
| Deon, a marathon runner, is trying diligently to read his textbook, but he keeps finding himself preoccupied with his upcoming race. He is frustrated because he has had to go back and reread sections the textbook to understnad it, he had diffi bc | encoding. |
| consolidation | |
| According to the model of memory proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin, _____ can hold information for less than 5 seconds, whereas _____ can hold information for 30 seconds or so. | sensory memory; short-term memory |
| The ability to retain the image of a visual stimulus for several minutes after it has been removed from view, and to use this retained image to answer questions about the visual stimulus, is known as _____ | eidetic imagery. |
| Which of the following occurs when someone’s short-term memory is filled to capacity? | Displacement can occur at that point. |
| _____ is the memory subsystem that we use when we try to understand information, remember it, or use it to solve a problem or communicate with someone. | working memory |
| _____ refers to memory of events, whereas _____ refers to memory of information and facts, both of which can be found in the _____ | Episodic memory; semantic memory; explicit memory. |
| _____ is the subsystem within long-term memory that stores motor skills, habits, and simple classically conditioned responses. | Nondeclarative memory |
| Activities that do not take much conscious thought, such as walking down the stairs or tying your shoes, are a part of your _____ | implicit memory. |
| When a person has a better memory for items at the beginning of a list she or he tries to learn, the _____ is demonstrate | primacy effect |
| _____ is a recollection of the circumstances in which an individual forms a memory, whereas _____ is intentionally keeping track of where an individual attains incoming information. | source memory; source monitoring |
| _____ occurs when information already stored in memory gets in the way of recalling newer information; when new learning gets in the way of recalling previously learned information, _____ has occurred. | Proactive interference; retroactive interference |
| Which of the following statements is true regarding motivated forgetting? | Suppression is an active process of avoiding an unpleasant memory. |
| What hormone, in excess, interferes with memory? | Cortisol |
| _____ results when a person is no longer able to form new, long-term memories; _____ occurs when an individual experiences a loss of memory for occurrences prior to a loss of consciousness. | Anterograde amnesia; retrograde amnesia |
| _____ is utilized when an individual conjures up a sensory experience in one’s own mind; a _____ is a mental category that represents a group of people, objects, or events. | Imagery; concept |
| Compared to formal concepts learned in science and math, natural concepts tend to be _____ | fuzzy with unclear boundaries. |
| The danger of making decisions based on _____ is that our _____ will be too strong an influence. | intuition; emotion |
| The failure to use familiar objects in novel ways to solve problems because of a tendency to view objects only in terms of their customary functions is called _____. | functional fixedness |
| An advantage of using a computer to generate all possible solutions is that they are not limited by ____ like we are. | working memory |
| A system for combining symbols so that an infinite number of meaningful statements can be made is called _____ | language. |
| There are elements of language that appear to be unique to the human language; one is _____, which refers to the notion that language can express ideas that are untrue. arbitrariness | prevarication |
| Which of the following is true about learning a new language? | The more you know about your first language, the easier it is. |
| The g factor refers to _____, whereas the s factor refers to _____ | overall intelligence; specific intellectual abilities. |
| Criticisms of Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences include _____ | how to measure them and whether these are better thought of as talents. |
| Who proposed the triarchic theory of intelligence? | Robert Sternberg |
| _____ knowledge, according to Sternberg, is action-oriented and acquired without direct help from others. | Tacit |
| _____ addresses the question, “Is the test given the same way every time?” whereas “Is the test measuring what it is supposed to measure?” addresses _____ | Standardization; validity. |
| Dallas is a 10-year-old boy who has a mental age of 10 years. His IQ would be _____ | 100 |
| Which of these is an element of the formal definition of intellectual disability? | Adaptive behavior severely below a level appropriate for the person’s age |
| _____ is the degree to which a characteristic is estimated to be influenced by genes. | Heritability |
| What is the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI), academic success, and social success? | EI is positively correlated with academic and social success. |
| The type of thinking measured by IQ and achievement tests is _____ thinking. | convergent |
| Geno goes into Starbucks, he knows how to order his favorite drink: a tall, nonfat latte with an extra shot of espresso. First, he indicates the size he wants, then the drink, then anything extra. Geno has _____ for ordering coffee at Starbucks, he use | a scheme |
| Consider this sequence: (1) a child makes an assimilation error, (2) someone supplies the correct information, and (3) the child then accurately takes in the new information. What term best describes this process? | Accommodation |
| Xander is a five-month old who is intrigued by a fancy rattle. When his caretaker takes the rattle away, he begins looking at the kitchen light in the background and does not seem to look for the rattle. Which of the following is true of this scenario? | Xander has not yet attained object permanence. |
| The concepts of symbolic function, pretend play, and egocentrism are characteristic of Piaget’s _____ stage | preoperational |
| ePiaget’s concept that a given quantity of matter remains the same despite being rearranged or changed in appearance, as long as nothing is added or taken away, defines _____. | conservation |
| The ability to utilize logical thought to assess abstract situations is referred to as _____, which is attained in the _____ stage. | hypothetico-deductive thinking; formal operational |
| Based on your knowledge of Piaget’s theory, what could account for the it-can’t-happen-to-me attitude typically displayed by teenagers? | The personal fable |
| A range of cognitive tasks that a child cannot yet do but can learn to do through the guidance of an older child or adult defines _____ | the zone of proximal development. |
| Scaffolding | |
| When moral decisions are based on what will help to avoid punishment, the _____ level of moral development is being utilized. | preconventional |
| Derek believes that laws are there for a reason and that they must be followed under all circumstances. In which stage of moral development is Derek? | Conventional level |
| Autonomy vs. shame and doubt | |
| Identity vs. role confusion | |
| Industry vs. Inferiority | |
| The period of the embryo begins at _____ and ends with _____, which takes about _____. | implantation in the uterine wall; formation of bone cells; six weeks |
| The natural unfolding of skills and development that has more to do with genetics than environment is referred to as _____ | maturation. |
| Andrew is a child who never seems to eat or sleep on a schedule. He is described as an “intense” kid by his parents and is often irritable. Based on this information, what type of temperament does Andrew likely have? | Difficult |
| _____ refers to the close emotional bond an individual has with the person or persons who raised and cared for her or him. | |
| Avoidant attachment | |
| Heather just gave birth to her first child. She wants her daughter to grow up to be happy, self-reliant, assertive, socially skilled, and responsible. Based on Baumrind’s research, which parenting style should Heather practice from this moment on? | Authoritative type |
| Which of the following is false regarding teens’ development? | Research shows that the authoritarian parenting style during adolescence is the least effective type of parenting. |
Created by:
VPC