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positioning unit 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| T/F: Lateral images of the sacrum and coccyx are always performed as two separate exposures | false |
| Where is the central ray (CR) centered for an AP projection of the lumbar spine with a 14 × 17-inch IR? | at the iliac crest |
| A patient comes to radiology for a study of the lumbar spine. The initial radiographs demonstrate potential pathology involving the L5-S1 zygapophyseal joint. Which of the following positions and/or projections would best demonstrate this joint space? | Right and left 30° oblique projections |
| What is the term for the superior aspect of the coccyx? | base |
| What is the term for the inferior aspect of the coccyx? | apex |
| A radiograph of a left posterior oblique (LPO) projection of the lumbar spine reveals that the downside pedicle is projected too far posterior on the vertebral body. What specific positioning error is present on this radiograph? | excessive rotation of the spine |
| Another term that is sometimes used interchangeably with the term zygapophyseal joints is __________ | facet |
| The average degree of rotation required to demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints is | 45 degrees |
| Which of the following is a condition of unknown cause in which calcification of bony ridges between vertebrae occurs, creating a lack of mobility with a "bamboo" appearance? | Ankylosing Spondylitis |
| Why should the hips and knees be flexed for an anteroposterior (AP) projection of the lumbar spine? | For patient comfort To reduce lumbar curvature |
| an AP axial sacrum reveals that it is foreshortened & the sacral foramina are not clearly seen. The patient was in an AP supine position, and the technologist angled the CR 5° to 7° cephalad. What specific positioning error is present on this radiograph? | Insufficient CR angulation |
| T/F: The Scottie dog sign is demonstrated with oblique projections of the lumbar spine. | true |
| Which of the following fractures is due to a hyperflexion force injury? | chance |
| An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is a congenital condition termed | scoliosis |
| What type of CR angulation is required for an AP axial projection of the coccyx? | 10 degrees caudal |
| The anterior projecting bony process of the sacrum that forms part of the inlet of the true pelvis is the | promontory of the sacrum |
| The small section of bone found between the superior and inferior articular processes of the lumbar spine is termed: | Pars interarticularis |
| A patient comes in with a possible compression fracture of L3. Which one of the following positioning routines would best demonstrate the body of L3 and the intervertebral joint spaces above and below it? | Erect AP and lateral projections |
| For a lateral L5-S1 projection, the CR must be parallel to the: | Interiliac line |
| The intervertebral foramina of the lumbar spine are located at an angle of __ in relation to the midsagittal plane. | 90 degrees |
| What CR angle should be used for a lateral sacrum/coccyx projection? | None. The CR is perpendicular to the image receptor |
| An anterior wedging of vertebrae with a loss of body height but rarely causing neurologic symptoms is called: | A compression fracture |
| a lat. projection of the Lspine reveals the mid-to-lower intervertebral joint spaces aren't open. The pt's waist was supported, but the spine doesn't appear parallel to the IR & has sag & the CR's perp. to the IR. What mod. helps open these joint spaces? | Increase waist support and/or angle the CR 5° to 8° caudad |
| Which of the following statements is NOT true about the lateral L5-S1 projection? | A 14 × 17-inch IR is required |
| The radiographic appearance on an oblique lumbar spine in which the neck of the Scottie dog appears broken suggests the presence of | Spondylolysis |
| A geriatric patient comes to radiology for a lumbar spine series. She has severe kyphosis of the thoracolumbar spine. Which one of the following modifications should be applied to this patient? | Perform all positions erect |
| T/F: The long axis of the sacrum is generally angled more posteriorly in females than males | true |
| Sciatic type of pain resulting from a "slipped disk" indicates | Herniated Nucleus Pulposus |
| A patient comes to radiology for a follow-up study of the lumbar spine. The patient had a spinal fusion performed at the L3-4 level 4 months earlier. Which of the following would best demonstrate the degree of movement at the fusion site? | Lateral hyperextension and hyperflexion projections |
| T/F: A female is more likely to suffer a fracture of the coccyx due to a backward, sitting type of fall than a male. | true |
| Which of the following topographic landmarks corresponds with the L4-5 vertebral level? | iliac crest |
| A fracture through the vertebral body and posterior elements caused by lap seat belts during an auto accident involving sudden deceleration is a ______ fracture. | chance |
| What CR angulation should be used for an AP axial projection of the L5-S1 joint space on a male patient? Selected Answer | 30 degrees cephalad |
| To better visualize the upper lumbar zygapophyseal joints (L1-2), the patient should be obliqued ______ degrees. | 50 degrees |
| Which of the following structures is located at the level of the ASIS | S1-2 (sacral segments) |
| T/F: If the waist is supported properly, an average-size patient does not require any CR angulation for the lateral lumbar spine projection. | true |
| T/F: The posterior oblique (RPO and LPO) positions of the lumbar spine will demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints closest to the image receptor | true |
| For a general survey of an LPO lumbar spine, the patient should be rolled _________ degrees in obliquity | 45 |
| An average of _______ segment(s) make up the adult coccyx | 4 |
| T/F: The anterior oblique (RAO and LAO) positions of the lumbar spine will demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints closest to the image receptor. | false |
| The anterior mass of bone called the ________ is the largest and heaviest portion of the vertebrae. | vertebral body |
| Through which of the following do spinal nerves and blood vessels exit the spinal column through? | intervertebral foramina |
| The zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine form an angle of how many degrees from the posterior midsagittal plane? | 30º-50º |
| If the lumbar spine cannot be adjusted so it is horizontal for the lateral projection, which of the following best describes how the central ray should be angled? | 5º men, 8º women—caudad |
| Which zygapophyseal joints are demonstrated with the patient in LAO position? | joint farthest from the IR |
| Spina bifida is a congenital condition in which the _____________ aspects of the vertebrae fail to develop, thus exposing part of the spinal cord | posterior |
| The vertebral body and the vertebral arch surround a space called the: | vertebral foramen |
Created by:
adismith