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Skin Structure
Layers of the skin
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| epidermis | The outermost and thinnest layer of the skin. It contains no blood vessels, but has many small nerve endings. |
| Five layers of the epidermis. | stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum germinativum. |
| Stratum corneum | aka; horny layer. The outer layer of the epidermis. Its scale-like cells are continually being shed and replaced by cells coming to the surface from underneath. |
| Stratum lucidum | The clear, transparent layer under the stratum corneum. It consists of small cells through which light can pass. |
| Stratum granulosum | Aka; granular layer. The layer of the epidermis that is composed of cells that look like granules and are filled with keratin. The cells die as they are pushed to the surface to replace dead cells that are shed from the stratum corneum. |
| Stratum spinosum | The spiny layer just above the stratum germinativum. The spiny layer is where the process of skin cell shedding begins. |
| Stratum germinativum | AKA basal cell layer. The deepest layer of the epidermis. this is the live layer of the epidermis that produces new epidermal skin cells and is responsible for the growth of the epidermis. |
| Dermis | The underlying or inner layer of the skin. 25 times thicker than the epidermis. Within its structure, there are numerous lymph vessels, nerves, sudoriferous glands, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles, andarrector pili muscles. |
| 2 layers of the dermis. | papillary layer and reticular layer. |
| Papillary layer | The outer layer of the dermis, directly beneath the epidermis. |
| dermal papilllae | small, cone-shaped elevations at the base of the hair follicles. |
| tactile corpuscles | nerve endings that are sensitive to touch and pressure. |
| epidermal-dermal junction | The top of the papillary layer where it joins the epidermis . |
| reticular layer | the deepest layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with all of its oxygen and nutrients. CONTAINS: fat cells, blood vessels, lymph vessels, sebaceous glands, sudoriferous glands, hair follicles, arrector pili muscles, and nerve endings. |
| Subcutaneous tissue | aka; adipose tissue. The fatty tissue found below the dermis. It gives smoothness and contour to the body. |
| callus | Thickening of the skin caused by continued, repeated pressure on any part of the skin, especially the hands and feet. |
| closed comedo | aka; whitehead. A follicle impacted with dead cells and solidified sebum. |
| collagen | fibrous protein that gives the skin form and strength. |
| dermal papillae | Small, cone-shaped elevations at the base of the hair follicles that fit into the hair bulb. |
| elastin | Protein base similar to collagen that forms elastic tissue. |
| eumelanin | A type of melanin that is dark brown to black in color. |
| keratin | Fibrous protein of cells that is also the principal component of hair and nails. |
| melanin | tiny grains of pigment that are produced by melanocytes adnddeposited into cells in the stratum germinativum layer of the epidermis and in the papillary layers of the dermis. |
| melanocytes | Cells that produce the dark skin pigment called melanin |
| motor nerve fibers | Fibers of the motor nerves that are distributed to the arrector pili muscles attached to hair follicles. Motor nerves carry impulses from the brain to the muscles. |
| open comedo | aka; blackhead. Hair follicle filled with keratin and sebum. |
| papule | also known as pimple; small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid but may develop pus. |
| pimple | aka papule; small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid but may develop pus. |
| propionibacterium acnes | technical term for acne bacteria. |
| pustule | Raised, inflamed papule with white or yellow center containing pus in the top of the lesion referred to as the head of the pimple. |
| sebum | A fatty or oily secretion that lubricates the skin and preserves teh softness of the hair. |
| secretory coil | Coil based of the sudoriferous gland. |
| secretory nerve fibers | Fibers of the secretory nerve that are distributed to the sudoriferous glands and sebaceous glands. Regulate the excretion of perspiration from the sweat glands and control the flow of sebum to the surface of the skin. |
| sudoriferous glands | Aka; sweat glands; excrete perspiration and detoxify the body by excreting excess salt and unwanted chemicals. |
| sweat glands | They excrete perspiration and detoxify the body by excreting excess salt and unwanted chemicals. |
| tactile corpuscles | Small epidermal structures with nerve endings that are sensitive to touch and pressure. |
| Vitamin A | Supports the overall health of the skin; aids in the health, function, and repair of skin cells; has been shown to improve the skin's elasticity and thickness. |
| Vitamin C | An important substance needed for proper repair of the skin and tissues; promotes the production of collagen in the skin's dermal tissues; aids in and promotes the skin's healing process. |
| Vitamin D | Enables the body to properly absorb and use calcium, the element needed for proper bone development and maintenance. Vitamin D also promotes rapid healing of the skin. |
| Vitamin E | Helps protect the skin from the harmful effects of the sun's UV light. |
Created by:
candace8403