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Review Sheet 12
Introduction to Psychology. (Adolescence, Kohlberg, Erikson)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ___________ is described as the stage at which people become physically capable of reproducing | Puberty |
| ___________ are best described as physical characteristics that differentiate men and women but are not directly involved in reproduction, whereas the development of __________ are changes in sex organs that are directly involved in reproduction | Secondary sex characteristics; primary sex characteristics |
| Which of the following physical changes that occurs during puberty is described as a secondary sex characteristic? | Breast development |
| Of the following changes Fiona experienced during puberty, which is described as a primary sex characteristic? | Enlarged uterus |
| If Paige is like the average American girl, when is she likely to have her first period? | Between twelve and thirteen years of age |
| Who identified and termed adolescent egocentrism? | David Elkind |
| Fifteen-year-old Mareek believes that other people are as interested in him as he is. His belief describes which of the following aspects of adolescent cognitive development? | Imaginary audience |
| Imaginary audience and personal fable are the components that describe which aspect of adolescent thinking? | Egocentrism |
| Lawrence Kohlberg was interested in which aspect of development? | Moral |
| Kohlberg studied moral development by: | asking people to respond to moral dilemmas. |
| Kohlberg’s theory of moral development has __________ levels, and they are called ___________. | three; preconventional, conventional, and postconventional |
| Harold says that hitting his sister is wrong because he will be punished if he does. Harold’s reasoning represents which level of moral development in Kohlberg’s model? | Preconventional |
| Suzette explains that she drives the speed limit because it’s the law. Her reasoning represents which of Kohlberg’s level of moral development? | Conventional |
| The highest level of moral reasoning, according to Kohlberg, involves: | following an underlying set of self-chosen, abstract ethical principles. |
| A medical doctor believes that terminally ill people have the right to control the time and circumstances of their death. Doctor provides many terminally ill people to end their lives. The doctor’s actions best fit which level of moral reasoning? | Postconventional |
| Eddie sees the two boys sitting in front of him in geometry class cheating on the final exam. He tells. He thinks that getting on the teacher's good side might get better grade for him. Eddie's motive is what? under Kohlberg's levels of moral reasoning? | Preconventional |
| Which of the following answers to the “Heinz dilemma” best describes postconventional moral reasoning? | Heinz would be morally wrong not to steal the drug because it would violate his belief in the absolute value of human life. |
| The term identity crisis was coined by: | Erikson |
| The stressful time of soul searching and self-examination that many adolescents experience is referred to as a(n): | identity crisis |
| Paula has recently dropped out of high school. She is not sure where she is headed in life, but school does not seem to be a part of it. She has started drinking and hanging around whoever has some alcohol. It sounds like Paula is in a state of: | role diffusion |
| Harriet faces the psychosocial challenge of developing a sense of independence and self-control. In Erikson’s view, she is likely to be a __________ and to be experiencing the psychosocial crisis of __________. | toddler; autonomy v. shame and doubt |
| Ten-month-old Kazik’s parents are very sensitive to her needs. Whenever she cries, someone tries to comfort her. Based on this description, she will probably effectively resolve which psychosocial crisis? | Trust vs. mistrust |
| What is the correct sequence of psychosocial stages in child development? | Trust, autonomy, initiative, industry |
| At two-years-old, Eleanor is beginning to desire independence. She does not like her parents to feed her. Her parents let her feed herself, even though there is often a mess. Eleanor is probably going to leave this stage of development with: | autonomy |
| Amy teaches four-year-old preschool. After taking her college developmental psychology class, Amy determines that the majority of her students will be dealing with which psychosocial crisis? | Initiative vs. guilt |
| Toma is almost five years old. He struggled to tie his shoes, his parents became toxic with him and bought him shoes with Velcro closures. Learning to ride a two-wheeler, his parents made him go back to a tricycle. Eriksons theory, Toma may end up with: | Guilt |
| Fourth-grade teacher Julie finds that her students are very eager to be helpful. They seem to care about productivity and involve in the class as well as in their school. Farraday’s students are best described at which stage of psychosocial development? | Industry vs. inferiority |
| Pierre’s second-grade teacher is very critical of all his work. She rarely praises him and frequently ridicules even his best efforts. As a result, Pierre is reluctant to attempt new tasks. Erikson’s theory, Pierre is likely to end up with a sense of: | Inferiority |
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