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Chapter 10

nail disorders and diseases

TermDefinition
Beau's Lines Sometimes called furrows or corrugations; visible depressions running across the width of the natural nail plate; usually a result of major illness or injury that has traumatized the body.
blue fingernails named for the nail bed color; is usually caused by a lack of circulating oxygen in the red blood cells.
bruised nail beds condition in which a blood clot forms under the nail plate, causing a dark purplish spot. These discolorations are usually due to small injuries to the nail bed.
discolored nails Nails turn a variety of colors; may indicate surface staining, a systemic disorder, or poor blood circulation.
eggshell nails Noticeably thin, white nail plates that are more flexible than normal and can curve over the free edge.
hangnail a condition in which the living tissue surrounding the nail plate splits or tears.
koilonychia soft spoon nails with a concave shape that appear scooped out.
leukonychia spots also known as white spots; whitish discolorations of the nails, usually caused by injury to the matrix area; not related to the body's health or vitamin deficiencies.
melanonychia Darkening of the fingernails or toenails; may be seen as a black band within the nail plate, extending from the base to the free edge.
nail disorder condition caused by an injury or disease of the nail unit.
nail psoriasis A noninfectious condition that affects the surface of the natural nail plate causing tiny pits or severe roughness on the surface of the nail plate.
nail pterygium abnormal condition that occurs when the skin is stretched by the nail plate; usually caused by serious injury, such as burns, or and adverse skin reaction to chemical nail enhancement products.
onychauxis Thickening of the nails.
onychia inflammation of the nail matrix followed by shedding of the natural nail.
onychocryptosis also known as ingrown nails; nail grows into the sides of the tissue aroudn the nail.
onychogryposis also known as ram's horn or claw nails; an enlargement of the fingernails or toenails accompanied by increased thickening and curvature.
onycholysis Lifting of the nail plate from the nail bed without shedding, usually beginning at the free edge and continuing toward the lunula area.
onychomadesis The separation and falling off of a nail plate from the nail bed; affects fingernails and toenails.
onychomycosis fungal infection of the natural nail plate.
onychophagy also known as bitten nails; result of a habit chewing the nail or chewing the hardened skin surrounding the nail plate.
onychorrhexis Split or brittle nails that have a series of lengthwise ridges giving a rough appearance to the surface of the nail plate.
Onychosis any deformity or disease of the natural nails.
paronychia bacterial inflammation of the tissues surrounding the nail. Redness, pus, and swelling are usually seen in the skin fold adjacent to the nail plate.
pincer nail Also known as trumpet nail; increased crosswise curvature throughout the nail plate caused by an increased curvature of the matrix. The edges of the nail plate may curl around to form the shape of a trumpet or sharp cone at the free edge.
plicatured nail also known as folded nail; a type of highly curved nail usually caused by injury to the matrix, but may be inherited.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa common bacteria that can lead to a bacterial infection that appears as a green, yellow, or black discoloration on the nail bed.
pyogenic granuloma severe inflammation of the nail in which a lump of red tissues grows up from the nail bed to the nail plate.
ridges vertical lines running through the length of the natural nail plate that are caused by uneven growth of the nails, usually the result of normal aging.
splinter hemorrhage hemorrhage caused by trauma or injury to the nail bed that damages the capillaries and allow small amounts of blood flow.
tineas pedis also known as athlete's foot; medical term for fungal infections of the feet; red, itchy rash of the skin on the bottom of the feet and/or in between the toes, usually found between the fourth and fifth toe.
Created by: candace8403
 

 



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