Question 1

Power

Accepted Answer

Power is an individual’s, group’s, or 
institution’s ability to control others, 
often despite resistance.

Question 2

Social Reproduction

Accepted Answer

Social reproduction is the process by which society maintains an enduring character from generation to generation.

Question 3

Pluralist Theory of Power

Accepted Answer

US politics is characterized by competing groups that work together to achieve their goals

Question 4

The Revolving Door

Accepted Answer

Because elites move between positions of power (or “command posts”) 
across institutions, they may try to maintain friendly relationships with others. 
This movement is called the “revolving door.”

Question 5

Interlocks

Accepted Answer

When elites have formal ties or “interlocks” to multiple organizations, those organizations can cooperate.

Question 6

Economic Capital

Accepted Answer

Money

Question 7

Social Capital

Accepted Answer

The number of people we know and the resources they can 
offer us

Question 8

Cultural Capital (Objectified, Institutional, & Embodied)

Accepted Answer

The symbolic resources that communicate one’s social 
status

Question 9

Social Closure

Accepted Answer

his is the process by which advantaged groups 
preserve opportunities for themselves while restricting them for others.

Question 10

Ideology

Accepted Answer

Ideologies are shared ideas about how human life should be organized. Ideologies often serve to “legitimate” inequality.

Question 11

Cultural Hegemony

Accepted Answer

Cultural hegemony refers to power maintained primarily by persuasion.

Question 12

Legitimation

Accepted Answer

Legitimation is a process by which a potentially 
controversial social fact is made acceptable.

Question 13

Hegemonic Ideologies

Accepted Answer

They are shared ideas about how human life should be organized that are used to manufacture our consent to existing social conditions.

Question 14

Individualism

Accepted Answer

Individualism is the idea that people are independent actors responsible primarily for themselves (rather than to the group). We’re more likely to attribute inequality to individual choice & behavior, instead of seeing  the structural causes of inequality

Question 15

Everyday Resistance

Accepted Answer

As individuals and in small groups, we can engage in everyday resistance, or 
small and commonplace practices that challenge domination and power, but may not be recognized as such.

Question 16

Interdependent Power

Accepted Answer

Regular people have interdependent power, or the power of noncooperation. This type of power requires collective action

Question 17

Collective Action

Accepted Answer

Working together to make the effects of noncooperation felt. It requires: the social construction of social problems, insurgent consciousness: leadership, communication, inspiration, etc...

Question 18

The Social Construction of Social Problems

Accepted Answer

The process of coming to see a personal struggle as an issue of public concern

Question 19

Insurgent Consciousness

Accepted Answer

A recognition a shared grievance can be addressed through collective action

Question 20

Organizational Strength

Accepted Answer

A combination of strong leadership, human and material 
resources, social networks, and physical infrastructure.

Question 21

Standing

Accepted Answer

The authority to speak credibly on a particular topic.

Question 22

Frames

Accepted Answer

A succinct claim as to the nature of a social fact. Social movements must frame the social problem they are addressing in a way that is understandable to their audience and convinces them that something must be done.

Question 23

Political Opportunity Structure

Accepted Answer

The strengths and weaknesses in the existing political system that shape the options available to social movement actors

Question 24

Cultural Opportunity Structure

Accepted Answer

Cultural ideas, objects, practices, or bodies that create or constrain activist strategies

Question 25

Economic Opportunity Structure

Accepted Answer

The role of money in enabling or limiting a 
movement’s operations and influence

Question 26

Critical Events

Accepted Answer

A contingent event that is causally important for an outcome in a specific case.

Question 27

Frame Alignment

Accepted Answer

When a person’s understanding of a social problem matches with the way a social movement frames the social problem, there is “frame alignment” and the person is more likely to join the movement.

Question 28

Power Elite

Accepted Answer

The power elite don't necessarily conspire to maintain power. When elites have “interlocks” to multiple organizations, they can cooperate. Because they move between positions of power across institutions, they maintain friendly relationships with others.

Question 29

Elite Theory of Power

Accepted Answer

A small group of networked individuals controls the most powerful positions in US social institutions

Question 30

Cultural Capital (Objectified)

Accepted Answer

The symbolic significance of objects/things we own.

Question 31

Cultural Capital (Institutional)

Accepted Answer

The symbolic significance of endorsements from recognized organizations.

Question 32

Cultural Capital (Embodied)

Accepted Answer

Symbolic significance of our bodies.

Term	Definition
Power	Power is an individual’s, group’s, or institution’s ability to control others, often despite resistance.
Social Reproduction	Social reproduction is the process by which society maintains an enduring character from generation to generation.
Pluralist Theory of Power	US politics is characterized by competing groups that work together to achieve their goals
The Revolving Door	Because elites move between positions of power (or “command posts”) across institutions, they may try to maintain friendly relationships with others. This movement is called the “revolving door.”
Interlocks	When elites have formal ties or “interlocks” to multiple organizations, those organizations can cooperate.
Economic Capital	Money
Social Capital	The number of people we know and the resources they can offer us
Cultural Capital (Objectified, Institutional, & Embodied)	The symbolic resources that communicate one’s social status
Social Closure	his is the process by which advantaged groups preserve opportunities for themselves while restricting them for others.
Ideology	Ideologies are shared ideas about how human life should be organized. Ideologies often serve to “legitimate” inequality.
Cultural Hegemony	Cultural hegemony refers to power maintained primarily by persuasion.
Legitimation	Legitimation is a process by which a potentially controversial social fact is made acceptable.
Hegemonic Ideologies	They are shared ideas about how human life should be organized that are used to manufacture our consent to existing social conditions.
Individualism	Individualism is the idea that people are independent actors responsible primarily for themselves (rather than to the group). We’re more likely to attribute inequality to individual choice & behavior, instead of seeing the structural causes of inequality
Everyday Resistance	As individuals and in small groups, we can engage in everyday resistance, or small and commonplace practices that challenge domination and power, but may not be recognized as such.
Interdependent Power	Regular people have interdependent power, or the power of noncooperation. This type of power requires collective action
Collective Action	Working together to make the effects of noncooperation felt. It requires: the social construction of social problems, insurgent consciousness: leadership, communication, inspiration, etc...
The Social Construction of Social Problems	The process of coming to see a personal struggle as an issue of public concern
Insurgent Consciousness	A recognition a shared grievance can be addressed through collective action
Organizational Strength	A combination of strong leadership, human and material resources, social networks, and physical infrastructure.
Standing	The authority to speak credibly on a particular topic.
Frames	A succinct claim as to the nature of a social fact. Social movements must frame the social problem they are addressing in a way that is understandable to their audience and convinces them that something must be done.
Political Opportunity Structure	The strengths and weaknesses in the existing political system that shape the options available to social movement actors
Cultural Opportunity Structure	Cultural ideas, objects, practices, or bodies that create or constrain activist strategies
Economic Opportunity Structure	The role of money in enabling or limiting a movement’s operations and influence
Critical Events	A contingent event that is causally important for an outcome in a specific case.
Frame Alignment	When a person’s understanding of a social problem matches with the way a social movement frames the social problem, there is “frame alignment” and the person is more likely to join the movement.
Power Elite	The power elite don't necessarily conspire to maintain power. When elites have “interlocks” to multiple organizations, they can cooperate. Because they move between positions of power across institutions, they maintain friendly relationships with others.
Elite Theory of Power	A small group of networked individuals controls the most powerful positions in US social institutions
Cultural Capital (Objectified)	The symbolic significance of objects/things we own.
Cultural Capital (Institutional)	The symbolic significance of endorsements from recognized organizations.
Cultural Capital (Embodied)	Symbolic significance of our bodies.

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Sociology 3